Treaties, Agreements, Conferences, Pacts

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

Divided new lands between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Ended French and Indian War; France lost most North American territory.

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended Revolutionary War; U.S. recognized as independent nation.

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Native tribes ceded land in Ohio after defeat at Battle of Fallen Timbers.

Jay's Treaty (1795)

Resolved U.S.-Britain trade issues; Britain agreed to leave western forts.

Pinckney's Treaty (1795)

Spain allowed U.S. navigation rights on Mississippi River and access to New Orleans.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

Ended War of 1812; restored prewar boundaries.

Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes between U.S. and Britain.

Adams-Onís Treaty (1819)

Spain ceded Florida; defined U.S.-Mexico border.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Resolved U.S.-Canada boundary disputes.

Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)

Opened Japan to U.S. trade, ending isolation.

Appomattox (1865)

Confederate surrender ended the Civil War.

Teller Amendment (1898)

Declared U.S. would not annex Cuba after Spanish-American War.

Treaty of Paris (1899)

Ended Spanish-American War; U.S. gained Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines.

Platt Amendment (1901)

Restricted Cuban independence; gave U.S. rights to intervene and lease Guantanamo Bay.

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

Gave U.S. rights to build and control the Panama Canal.

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

Ended Russo-Japanese War; mediated by Theodore Roosevelt.

Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)

Japan limited emigration to U.S.; U.S. eased discrimination against Japanese immigrants.

Root-Takahira Agreement (1908)

U.S. and Japan respected territorial possessions and Open Door policy.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918)

Ended WWI fighting between Germany and Russia.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Ended WWI; imposed reparations on Germany; League of Nations created.

Washington Naval Conference (1921-22)

Reduced naval armaments among major powers.

Dawes & Young Plans (1924/29)

Restructured German reparations payments after WWI.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Outlawed war as instrument of national policy (ineffective).

Munich Pact (1938)

Appeasement; allowed Nazi Germany to annex Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (1939)

Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack each other; secretly divided Poland.

Cash and Carry (1939)

Allowed U.S. to sell arms to Allies if paid in cash and transported by purchaser.

Destroyers for Bases (1940)

U.S. gave destroyers to Britain in exchange for military bases.

Lend-Lease (1941)

Allowed U.S. to supply Allies with arms and materials before entering WWII.

Atlantic Charter (1941)

Outlined Allied war aims and principles for postwar peace.

Casablanca Conference (1943)

Allies planned invasion of Italy and demanded unconditional surrender of Axis.

Cairo Conference (1943)

Declared Allies' war aims against Japan; promised Korea independence.

Teheran Conference (1943)

First Big Three meeting; planned D-Day invasion.

Yalta Conference (1945)

Allies planned postwar Germany division and creation of United Nations.

Potsdam Conference (1945)

Allies issued ultimatum to Japan; set postwar terms.

Marshall Plan (1948)

U.S. economic aid program to rebuild Europe after WWII.

NATO (1949)

Military alliance between U.S., Canada, and Western Europe against USSR.

Geneva Accords (1954)

Temporarily divided Vietnam at 17th parallel; set elections (never held).

SEATO (1954)

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization; anti-communist defense pact.

Warsaw Pact (1955)

Soviet-led alliance of Eastern Bloc nations.

OPEC (1960)

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; oil-producing nations.

Alliance for Progress (1961)

U.S. aid program for Latin America under JFK.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

Gave President Johnson broad war powers in Vietnam.

SALT I (1972)

Limited nuclear arms between U.S. and USSR.

Paris Accords (1973)

Ended U.S. involvement in Vietnam War.

Camp David Accords (1978)

Peace treaty framework between Egypt and Israel brokered by Carter.

START (1991)

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty between U.S. and USSR.

NAFTA (1994)

North American Free Trade Agreement between U.S., Canada, Mexico.