Blood

8%

what percent of body weight is blood?

45%

what percent of blood is cells?

55%

what percent of blood is plasma?

RBCs, WBCs, platelets

what are the formed elements?

plasma, amino acids, proteins, lipids, wastes

what are some liquid elements in blood?

where blood cells originate in?

red bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells

blood

hemato

to make

poiesis

grains

gran

red

eryth

cell

cyte

same

stasis

big

mega

muscle

myo

heart

cardio

erythrocytes

what are red blood cells called?

hemoglobin

carries oxygen, red pigment, 1/3 of the RBC

oxyhemoglobin

bright red, hemoglobin without oxygen

deoxyhemoglobin

dark red, blue through skin

nucleus

what do RBCs not have?

120 days

How long do RBCs live?

4.6-6.2 million

how many RBCs are in males?

4.2-5.4 million

how many RBCs are in adult females?

4.5-5.1 million

how many RBCs are in children?

get tired quickly

what happens to the body if RBC count is low and can't get enough oxygen?

erythropoitin

stimulates production of RBCs

kidneys

what senses low oxygen levels?

oxygen, normal

erythropoietin production shuts down when \_________ reaches \________ levels

spleen and liver

what 2 body parts recycle blood cells?

heme and globin

what 2 things is hemoglobin broken down into?

returns to red bone marrow

what does iron do in the life cycle of red blood cells?

bilirubin and biliverdin

what is excreted in bile as pigments in the life cycle of red blood cells?

oxygen

iron is needed for hemoglobin to carry what?

anemia

deficiency in RBCs or amount of hemoglobin or iron

leukocytes

what are WBCs called?

disease

leukocytes are part of the immune system and protect against \________

interleukin

stimulates production of WBCs

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

what are the 5 WBCs?

infections

what are neutrophils the first to arrive at?

neutrophil

which WBC is phagocytic

bacterial

neutrophils are elevated in \________ infections

allergic

eosinophils are involved in \___________ reactions

parasitic worm infestations

what do eosinophils help defend against?

highest

neutrophils have the \__________ percentage of leukocytes

lowest

basophils have the \_____________ percentage of leukocytes

heparin

thins the blood

histamine

allergic reaction response

basophils

which WBC releases histamine and heparin

1

basophils are less than \___% of leukocytes

largest

monocytes are the \__________ blood cell

macrophages

monocytes leave the blood stream to become \______________

typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis

what are monocytes elevated in?

RBC

lymphocytes are the same size as what?

T & B cells

what cells are lymphocytes?

lymphocytes

which WBC is important in immunity and produce antibodies?

T

AIDS is decreased \____ cells

diapadesis

leukocytes squeeze through capillary walls to enter tissue space outside the blood vessel

5,000-10,000

how many WBC in 1 mm^3?

leukocytosis

higher than 10,000 WBCs, caused by apendicitis

leukopenia

lower than 5,000 WBCs, caused by AIDS measles, mumps, chicken pox

thrombocytes

What is another name for platelets?

megakaryocytes

thrombocytes are cell fragments of \_______________ in bone marrow

130,000 - 160,000

how many platelets do you have per cubic millimeter of blood?

blood loss from broken vessels

what do platelets help control?

leukemia

cancer of WBCs

myeloid leukemia

too many WBCs, not enough RBCs, become anemic, die

lymphoid leukemia

same thing as myeloid lukemia but from lymph nodes

55%

what percent of blood is blood plasma?

albumin

keeps water in blood

globulins

transporters

fibrinogen

blood clotting

hemostasis

stoppage of bleeding

92%

what percent of water is in blood plasma?

7%

what percent of blood plasma is plasma proteins?

gasses and nutrients

what does the other 1% of blood plasma consist of?

smooth, contract

in a blood vessel spasm ,\__________ muscles in walls of blood vessels \_________ following injury

platelets, serotonin

in a blood vessel spasm, \___________ release \____________ that stimulates vasoconstriction and maintains vessel spasm

foreign surfaces, ruptured blood vessels

in platelet plug formation, where do platelets stick to?

spiny, stick, plug

in platelet plug formation, platelets become \_______ and \________ together forming a \______

cellular, blood, foreign

blood coagulation is triggered by \____________ damage and \________ contact with \___________ surfaces

blood clot

what forms in blood coagulation?

extrinsic clotting mechanism

chemical outside of blood triggers blood coagulation

thromboplastin

what is an extrinsic clotting mechanism triggered by?

when blood contacts damaged tissue

when is an extrinsic clotting mechanism triggered?

intrinsic clotting mechanism

chemical inside blood triggers blood coagulation?

Hageman factor

what is an intrinsic clotting mechanism triggered by?

when blood contacts a foreign surface

when is an intrinsic clotting mechanism triggered?

retracts, together

after forming, blood clot \________ and pulls the edges of a broken vessel \________

platelet-derived growth factor

stimulates smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts to repair damaged blood vessels

plasmin

what digests blood clots?

thrombus

blood clot abnormally forms in a vessel

embolus

a dislodged or moving blood clot

myocardial infarction (MI)

heart attack - caused by either a coronary thrombosis or coronary embolism

stroke

a cerebral thrombosis or cerebral embolism

pulmonary embolism

blood clot in lungs

atherosclerosis

deposit of fat in arteries - usually associated with abnormal blood clots

agglutination

clumping or clotting of RBCs when testing for compatibility - bad

antigens

cell surface markers, an ID tag

antibodies

look for antigens that are not supposed to be there

bind, clot

in agglutination, antibodies \_______ with antigens and \_______