ch 7

Metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions occurring in the body, including **____** reactions that break apart larger molecules into smaller molecules and ____ reactions that convert smaller molecules into larger ones.

catabolic; anabolic

The **_____** is the most active processing center in the body.

liver

requires energy, assembles proteins

anabolism

breaks down glycerol, hydrolysis occurs, releases energy

catabolism

_____ is the high-energy compound that provides the energy that powers all the activities of living cells.

ATP

Many enzymes cannot function without the assistance of a _____

coenzyme

The final, common metabolic pathway for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids

TCA cycle

The pathway that ends in the production of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

glycolysis

The final pathway in energy metabolism, where ATP is made

electron transport chain

For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters ______

TCA cycle

The body derives most of its energy from **___** and _____ .

glucose; fatty acids

Which product is made from pyruvate when oxygen is limited?

lactic acid

Which pathway accurately describes what happens if excessive amounts of protein are consumed?

They are deaminated and made into either ATP or fat

Gluconeogenesis is the process of making glucose from **___** and _____ when glycogen stores become depleted during a fast.

amino acids; glycerol

12 **_____** are acidic compounds produced by the liver when glycogen is depleted.

ketone bodies

Which organ is the primary site for alcohol metabolism?

liver

Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of ____________ on a single occasion that raises blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 percent or higher.

4-5 drinks

When a person begins to drink alcohol, which of the following functions are the first to be affected?

judgement and reasoning

uses energy to build compounds

anabolism

most metabolically active of body cells

liver

how the body obtains and uses energy from food

energy metabolism

breaks compounds and releases energy

catabolism

carbs are broken down during digestion to _______

glucose

fats (triglycerides) are broken down to form _________

glycerol and fatty acids

proteins are broken down to ______

amino acids

glycerol and amino acids can provide _____ because they can be converted to pyruvate

glucose

fatty acids are converted to _____

acetyl CoA

________ is the compound that enters the citric acid cycle

acetyl CoA

energy is harnessed through the _______

electron transport chain

How many carbons are there in glucose?

6

new glucose made from amino acids

gluconeogenesis

increases urine production

glycogen and protein breakdown

incomplete fat breakdown

ketones

used first

glycogen

In the Cori cycle, lactate is converted to glucose in the ______________.

liver cells

Anaerobic means _______________________

not requiring oxygen

Which organelle is involved in conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

mitochondria