Chemistry quizz: Chemical change

Electronegativity

A measure of an atom’s ability to attract shared bonding electrons to itself.

Nonpolar covalent bond

Occurs when two atoms have the same/similar electronegativity, so the electrons will be in middle, between two nuclei.

Polar covalent bond

Occurs when two atoms have different electronegativity.

Partial negative charge

The most electronegativity atom will have

Electronegativity difference

The difference in the electronegativity values of two atoms that are bonded together.

Polar molecule

A molecule where is a partial positive charge on one side of the molecule, and a partial negative charge on the other side.

Nonpolar molecule

A molecule where is no different in charge on different sides of the molecule.

Hydrogen bonding

A particularly strong intermolecular attraction which occurs between molecules in which hydrogen is bonded to the most electronegative atoms.

Polar

A molecule that has a charge on one side of the molecule, that is not cancelled out.

Partial positive charge

The less electronegativity atom will have

Chemical reaction

The kind of reaction where one kind of matter turns into a different kind of matter, with a different chemical formula.

Chemical equation

Short way to write the chemical reaction, by using chemical formulas and symbols. There are equal number of each type of atom on the reactant and product sides of the equation.

Reactant

Substances that to into a reaction (go down).

Coefficient

A whole number multiplier placed in front of a formula in an equation to have the same number of each type of atom on the reactants and products.

Subscript

Total number of each type of atom.

Yield arrow

A sign used to seperate products from reactants and show the direction of a reaction.

Product

Substances that come out of the reaction (go up).

Balancing

Adding coefficient to a skeleton chemical equation to make the numbers of each type of atom the same on either side.

Multiplier

Includes coefficient and subscript, indicates how many particular atoms or functional groups are attached at a particular point in a molecule.

Conservation of mass

The law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. There must be the same number of each type of atom on the reactant and product sides of a chemical reaction.

Combination reaction

A chemical change where two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition reaction

A chemical change where one reactant breaks down to form two or more products.

Single-replacement reaction

A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound.

Double-replacement reaction

A chemical change in which two ionic compounds swap cations.

Activity series

A list of elements in order of reactivity.

Combustion reaction

A chemical change in which an element or compound reacts with oxygen O2.

Hydrocarbon

Compounds made only of C and H.