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Foundation of Western Civilization
Greece and Rome established Western cultural foundations.
Asclepius
Greek God of Medicine, linked to Imhotep.
Alcmaeon
Greek physician opposing priestly medical practices.
Hippocrates's Birth Date
Born in 460 B.C.E.
Hippocrates's Education
Studied in Cos, center of Templar medicine.
Holistic Approach
Focus on natural causes and treatments for illness.
Theory of Humors
Four bodily humors: bile, blood, phlegm, black bile.
Imbalance of Humors
Excess of humors leads to disease.
Temperament and Personality
Humors influence emotional and psychological states.
Theory of Epilepsy
Epilepsy caused by brain disharmony, not divine intervention.
De morbu sacro
Hippocrates's work on epilepsy and its natural causes.
Theory of Thirst
Thirst arises from dry mucous membranes in mouth.
Calude Bernard
French physiologist who challenged Hippocrates's thirst theory.
Hippocratic Oath
Ethical pledge taken by medical students today.
Father of Medicine
Hippocrates, pivotal figure in ancient medical practices.
Natural Treatments
Rest, exercise, diet, and social support for healing.
Patient-Centered Care
Emphasis on patient welfare over mere disease treatment.
Galen's Birth Date
Not provided in the notes.
Postpartum Depression
Mental health condition described by Hippocrates.
Phobias
Anxiety disorders identified by Hippocrates.
Hysteria
Condition incorrectly attributed only to women by Hippocrates.
Influence of African Medicine
Greek medicine derived knowledge from African practitioners.
Galen's Birth Date
A.D. 130-200, in Pergamum.
Galen's Training
Physician and anatomist at Alexandria.
Knowledge According to Galen
Derived from ancient wisdom and personal observation.
Atheistic Materialism
Opposed belief in chance-based matter formation.
Divine View of the Body
Body's complexity indicates divine design.
John Tillotson's Application
Applied Galen's ideas to human creativity.
Heart's Role in Galen's View
Heart distills vital spirit from blood.
Diseases of the Soul
Arise from passions like anger and grief.
Curing Soul Diseases
Requires understanding and self-knowledge.
William Harvey
Recognized heart as a pump, 1,500 years later.
De usu partium
Galen's 17-book treatise on body functions.
Ancient Egyptian Mathematics
Practical approach for construction and alignment.
Greek Mathematics
Transformed measurements into mathematical theory.
Pythagoras
Influential figure in mathematics and philosophy.
Galen's Empirical Findings
Combined ancient wisdom with personal experiments.
Divine Intelligence
Essential for creation, according to Tillotson.
Vital Spirit
Responsible for movement and sensation in humans.
Passions Governed by Irrational Power
Refusal to obey reason leads to soul diseases.
Self-Love's Impact
Blinds individuals to their own faults.
Role of Metro Therapist
Essential for curing diseases of the soul.
Galen's Anatomical Studies
Revealed evidence of divine design.
Galen's Clinical Experience
Gained insights from treating gladiators.
Mathematics as Language of Science
Shaped worldviews in Western tradition.
Pythagorean Theorem
Mathematical principle by Pythagoras on right triangles.
Pythagoras
Greek mathematician known for the Pythagorean Theorem.
Musical Instrument Strings
Pleasing notes correspond to string divisions.
Democritus
Philosopher who developed the theory of atomism.
Atomism
Theory that matter consists of tiny, moving atoms.
Socrates
Philosopher emphasizing knowledge and self-examination.
Socratic Method
Teaching method promoting dialogue and critical thinking.
Socrates' Philosophy
Truth lies within each mind, not absolute authority.
Socrates' Death
Executed for corrupting youth and undermining state religion.
Plato
Socrates' pupil who founded an academy in Athens.
Plato's Knowledge View
Knowledge increases through measurement and deductive reasoning.
Forms
Eternal structures revealed through rational thought, beyond senses.
Sensations vs. Forms
Sensations decay; Forms are permanent and real.
Plato's Body View
Qualities localized: reason in head, courage in chest.
Aristotle
Last major Greek philosopher, student of Plato.
Aristotle and Alexander
Taught Alexander the Great as a tutor.
Aristotle's Logic
Combined deduction with inductive, observational approaches.
De memoria et reminiscentia
Aristotle's theory on memory's associative processes.
Memory Associations
Linked by similarity, difference, time, and space.
Frequency in Memory
Repetition enhances memory retention.
Ease in Memory
Certain associations are easier to remember.
Aristotle's Theory of Causes
Explains the reasons behind events and phenomena.
Material Cause
Substance from which an object is made.
Formal Cause
The form or essence of an object.
Efficient Cause
Means or tools used to create an object.
Final Cause
Purpose or reason behind an object's creation.
Aristotle's Ladder of Creation
Hierarchy of life from plants to humans.
Nutritive Life
Lowest life form, represented by plants.
Sensitive Life
Intermediate life form, represented by animals.
Rational Life
Highest life form, represented by humans.
Aristotle's Belief on Heart
Heart is the seat of thought.
Influence of Egyptian Practices
Heart's importance linked to ancient burial customs.
Stoic School Beliefs
Rational principle guides the universe.
Epicurean Beliefs
Life's goal is enjoyment without causing harm.
Logos
Rational principle guiding the universe.
Na'im Akbar's Psyche
Derived from Egyptian concepts of soul.
Ka
Soul of Blood, gives form to substance.
Ba
Soul of Breath, transmits ancestral energy.
Khaba
Shade soul, responsible for emotions and perceptions.
Akhu
Seat of intelligence and mental perception.
Seb
Soul of pubescence, manifests at adolescence.
Putah
Intellectual soul, marks brain-mind union.
Atmu
Divine or eternal soul in Kemitic belief.
Wet Nurse
Woman who breastfeeds another's child.
Mrs. Girardeau
Enslaved woman seeking wet nurse services.
Sally McMillen's Research
Quantified infant feeding practices from 1800-1860.
Marylynn Salmon
Studied medicinal uses of breast milk in Europe.
Cross-ethnic Wet Nursing
Involves nursing across different ethnic backgrounds.
Wet Nursing
Practice of breastfeeding another's child.
Sarah Angel
Gained freedom through aversion to cross-ethnic nursing.
Betty Curlett
Believed women used wet nurses for aesthetics.
Enslaved Wet Nurses
Forced to nurse while performing other labor.
John Street
Slave owner who raped enslaved woman Louisa Street.
Wet Nurse Marketplace
Network for hiring women to breastfeed infants.
Southern Wet Nurse Market
Informal network relying on family and friends.