World War 2

Facism

Facism

A hyper-nationalistic political philosophy that prioritizes order over liberty. Typically comes from far right wing. Benito Mussolini, WW2 leader practiced this.

Totalitarianism

A centralized government run by a dictator that requires obedience to the state. Joseph Stalin practiced this, and purged anyone who was a threat to his power.

Nazism

A particular brand of facism. It included acts of extreme nationalism and German superiority. Adolf Hitler practiced this.

A diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict.

Appeasment

• 1935-Outlawed arms sales to nations at war

• 1936- Extension of 1935 ban, additionally banned loans to nations at war

• 1937- Continued ban on arms sales, all non-military goods must be purchased “cash and carry” (Pay for non-military goods now in cash, assume all shipping risk)

• 1939-Permitted cash and carry to include weapons

Neutrality Acts

The pact was signed in 1939 between Germany and the Soviet Union, agreeing not to attack each other and to divide Poland

German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Lend-Lease Act

1941. U.S. to lend or lease defense supplies. At the end, countries had the choice of giving the supplies back, or paying for them. Any country fighting the Nazi’s were elligible. (Including USSR)

FDR and Winston Churchill issued in August in 1941. It was a statement that set out American and British goals for the world after WW2.

Atlantic Charter

Holocaust

The systematic murder of six million Jews and millions of political dissidents, disabled people, Roma, homosexuals, and Slavic peoples by the Nazis between 1941 and 1945.

Kristallnacht

November 9,1938. Anti-Jewish violence erupted throughout Germany and Austria. Mobs destroyed 7,500 Jewish businesses and more. Police were not allowed to interfere

Executive Order 9066 ordered the expulsion of all persons of Japanese descent from West Coast to camps. Many men “volunteered” to fight in the war.

Japanese Concentration Camps

Consisted of a two-part system of camps to round up Jews and other “undesirables”. They were sent to labor camps where Jews worked as slaves until they dropped dead of exauhstion, and those unable to work were sent to death camps where they were then executed.

Final Solution

Their job was to direct priorities and production goals.

War Production Board

Called for a march in Washington, D.C. and informed FDR. Tried to pressure the president into making changes in segregation. As a result, executive order 8802 was created, bringing the first civil rights organization since reconstruction.

A. Phillip Randolph

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

What was the Supreme Court case that upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II?

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Who were the Axis Powers during World War II?

United States, Great Britain, and Soviet Union.

Who were the Allied Powers in World War II?

June 6, 1944. Britain, United States, and Canada landed in Normandy in Northern France. The Allies freed France, Belgium, and Luxemburg.

D-Day

Aryans are superior, Eastern Europeans are inferior

What were the beliefs of Hitler?

Internationalism

The belief that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war.

antisemitic and racist laws in Nazi Germany that deprived Jews of their rights, citizenship, and prohibited marriage between Jews and non-Jews.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Where Jews would work as slave laborers for Nazi war machine until they dropped dead of exauhstion, disease, or malnutrition.

Labor camps

Usually attached to concentration camps. Jews unable to work were sent here to be executed.

Death camps

• Women's Army Auxiliary Corps

• Established in 1942 during WWII

• Allowed women to serve in non-combat roles

• Later became the Women's Army Corps (WAC)

WAAC

Cost Plus Contracts

Guaranteed companies would get paid the cost of production plus a percentage profit.

Made loans to companies who wanted to convert their operations to war production.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

They faced discrimination

How were minorities working in factories treated?

Encouraged young black men to support double victory:

• Victory over racism at home

• Victory over Hitler’s racism

Double V Campaign

Franklin Delano Roosevelt allowed for African Americans to serve in combat roles, kept segregation

What change does FDR make to combat?

The Navajo Codetalkers were Native American Marines who used their language to create an unbreakable code during World War II.

Who were the Navajo Codetalkers?

They were the highest participatory group in the war

What did Native Americans contribute during WW2?

Zoot Suit Riots

Violent clashes in 1943 Los Angeles between servicemen and Mexican American youths wearing zoot suits, fueled by racial tensions and discrimination.

Hitler targeted United States East Coat, the goal was to prevent supplies from travelling from U.S. to Allies

Battle of the Atlantic

Allies met at Soviet embassy and reached several agreements

Tehran Conference

Code named “Operation Overload”, 1 singular D-day. On June 6,1944 Britain, U.S., and Canada landed in Normandy, freed France, Belgium, and Luxemburg.

Invasion of Normandy

Turning point. June4-7 1942. U.S. cracked the Japanese code and located the Japanese fleet, the Japanese suffered major losses. As a result, U.S. began island hopping

Battle of Midway

First Japanese defeat on land

Battle of Guadalcanal

Suicide missions that sunk 16 ships and damaged 80 others

Kamikaze

Last German offensive on Western front, an unsuccessful attempt to divide the Allied forces and prevent an invasion of Germany. Both sides suffered losses.

Battle of The Bulge

Hitler wanted the oil source from the Soviet Union City of Stalingrad, Germans prepared for an attack; but were ultimately defeated by the Soviets as they were more accustomed to the cold conditions.

The Battle of Stalingrad

The Soviets invaded Berlin from three different directions, and eventually completely surrounded Berlin. Hitler ended up killing himself after this.

Battle of Berlin

May 8th Eisenhower accepted the surrender of the Germans

V-E Day

Last stop from island hopping to get to Japan

Okinawa

Top secret project that the U.S. government launched to develop an atomic bomb as they feared the Germans would develop an atomic bomb.

Manhattan Project

First successful test of a nuclear device

Trinity Test

Nazi German and Japanese leaders were put on trial for their war crimes

Nuremberg Trials

Before Hitler invaded Poland he wanted to secure an alliance with the Soviet Union. He wanted an Ally against Britain and France, and Stalin wanted the capitalist nations to turn on each other. Part of the agreement was to divide Poland between Germany and the USSR.

German- Soviet Non-aggression pact