Endocrine System | Chapter 18

The glands, tissues, and cells that secret hormones is the . . .?

Endocrine system

What is an Endocrine Gland?

A ductless gland that secretes hormones into the blood & stimulates responses in distant targets

In response to a stimulus, the _______ system responds within milliseconds while the ______ system responds takes longer

Nervous; endocrine

Which components of the endocrine system exert the most wide-ranging influence on the entire endocrine system?

Pituitary, hypothalamus

Name the two structures of the pituitary gland

Neurohypophysis & Adenohypophysis

This system consist of a network of primary capillaries in the hypothalamus, a group of small vain called portal venules that travel down the stalk, and a complex of secondary capillaries in the anterior pituitary

Hypophyseal portal system

Posterior Pituitary gland?

Part of the pituitary gland that composed of nervous tissue and not epithelia tissue

Where is the pineal gland located at?

Attached to the roof of the third ventricle

The adenopophysis and neurohypophysis are both part of the ______?

pitutiary gland

The hypophyseal portal system is best described as ___________?

a capillary network in the hypothalamus

Other word for posterior pituitary?

Neurohypophysis

Other word for anterior pituitay?

adenohypophysis

The establishment of 24 hr circadian rhythms is due in part of the secretions of the ___________?

Pineal gland

Which endocrine gland serves as the site of T lymphocyte maturation

Thymus

Histologically, the thyroid is composed of sacs called ___________?

Thyroid follicles

What are Parafollicular (or C “clear” cells) for the Thyroid gland?

Responds to rising levels of blood calcium by secreting the hormone calcitonim that promotes calcium and bone formation

Where are the parathyroid glands located at?

Embedded in the thyroid gland, behind it

Where is the adrenal glands located at?

Superior to the kidneys

The adrenal gland is divided into _________?

adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex

Adrenal Cortex is composed of three layers—name them!

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis

What are corticosteroids or corticoids?

steroid hormones like glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids

Superficial adrenal cortex?

Zona glomerulosa

Middle adrenal cortex?

Zona fasciculata

Similarities between Endocrine & Nervous System?

Two responses coordinate responses, and some cels are a combination of both— “neuroendocrine”

Which system has a wider variety of more distant target?

Endocrine system

What does the Hypothalamus do in the endocrine system?

Release hormones to regulate the anterior pituitary gland

Label for 2

Pituritary Gland

Name a characteristic of Posterior Pituitary gland

Contains Nervous Tissue and thus, called, neurohypophysis creating only two hormones

Which organs does the Pituitary gland influence over?

Thyroid, Testis, Ovary, Adrenal cortex, Liver, and Mammary gland

Which gland shrinks 75% at puberty?

Pineal Gland

Where is the Thymus located at?

Above the heart

What does the Thymoid regulate?

Regulates the immune system / T-cells

Label for 4

Thymoid

Where is the Thyroid Gland?

Near the neck

Which gland is associated with the production of metabolic rates

Thyroid Gland

How layers does the adrenal gland have?

4

Which layer is the zona reticularis?

Deepest layer

What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal glands secretes

Mineralcorticoids / salts

What does the zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands secretes?

Glucose

How much does the adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands make up?

10 to 20%

What does the adrenal medulla secretes?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Why is epinephrine and norepinephrine that the adrenal medulla secretes important?

Raise metabolic rate, mobilizes energy

How much does the neurotransmitter of epinephrine does adrenal produce?

80ish%

What is the pancrease known for?

Insulin

Which gland porduces Islets

Endocrine Pancrease

Name the two types of Gonads

Ovaries and Testes

Hypersecretion

Too much secretion of hormone

Endemic goiter

enlarged thyroid; swelling of neck because believe it does not have enough thyroid hormones

Diabetes Mellitus (I & II)

Type II — results in an insulin receptor insensitivity (can be controlled with diet/exercise/oral medications)

Type I — result from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells (patients need to take insulin pump to stay alive)

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

Glucocorticoids / “Sweet due to gluco—sugar”

Which gland secretes melatonin?

Pineal Glad