Chapter 5 Vocab for AP Human Geo Unit 3

language

system of communications through speech

centripetal force

force that tends to unify people

centrifugal force

force that tends to pull people apart

institutional language

used in education, work, mass media, and government

developing language

in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly people, it has a literary tradition, but it’s not traditionally used

vigorous language

in daily use by all ages but lacks a literary tradition

threatened language

used for face-to-face communication but is losing viewers

dying language

still being used by older people but not being transmitted to children

literary tradition

written as well as spoken

language family

collection of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history

language branch

collection of languages with in a family related through ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago

language group

collection of languages within a branch that share similarities in grammar and vocabulary

lingua franca

language of international communication

logograms

symbols that represent words and meaningful parts of words 

official language

used by government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business

working language

designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation

pingin language

a simplified form that a group learns when learning English or another lingua franca

dialect

a regional variation of language distinguished by distinctive vocab, spelling, and pronounciation

subdialect

a subversion of a dialect

standard language

a dialect of a language that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable by the government

Received Pronunciation

the dialect of English commonly used by politicians, broadcasters, and actors in the UK

isogloss

word boundaries for words that are not used nationally

bidialectic

someone who is proficient or capable of using two different dialects depending on social situations

AAVE

african American vernacular english, preserved by slaves in the 18th century and was used in segregated schools

creole

language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

mutual intelligibility

the ability of people speaking in two ways to readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort

endangered language

language that children are no longer learning and remaining speakers use less frequently

isolated language

unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to an language family