exam 4 intellectual disability (2)

Intellectual Disability

1.Intellectual functioning (intelligence) and

2.Adaptive behavior and

3.Onset must be before age 18

•Not an appropriate diagnosis for an adult with similar limitations due to a TBI experienced at age 21

•Generally nonprogressive

Intellectual Disability – Characteristics of the Diagnosis

IQs that are 2SDs below the mean

Intelligence is______ by standard tests with a strong presumption of this disability

unable to be tested

global developmental delay (GDD)

Children who are younger than 5 years

• Delayed achievement of developmental milestones

Temporary diagnosis

• Reassessment needed after age 5

Signs of delay (2 - 4 months)

Failure to interact with the environment

Signs of delay (6 - 18 months)

Decreased gross motor skills

Signs of delay (18 months - 5 years)

Decreased language development

Signs of delay (3-5 years)

•Decreased or abnormal play and social skills

•Below age level fine motor skills

Signs of delay (5+ years)

•Decreased academic achievement

Abnormal attention, anxiety levels, mood and conduct

mild

can live indepedently with minimum levels of support 

moderate

independet living may be achieved with moderate levels of support

• lives in group homes

severe 

requires daily assistance with self-care activities and safety supervison 

profound

requires 24-hour care

AAIDD the level of supports (intermittent)

as needed

AAIDD the level of supports (limited)

a limited period of time

AAIDD the level of supports (extensive)

daily in a life area

AAIDD the level of supports (pervasive)

daily, all life areas, all contexts

black children are ___ more likley to be diagnosies with intellectual disabilites

2x

___ are more likely to be diagnosed with intellectual disabilities 

boys 

Mild Intellectual Disabilities cause 

Environmental factors such as socioeconomic status and neglectful or abusive caregivers.

•Diagnosis may be late

Severe Intellectual Disabilities causes

Biomedical origin (genetic, non-genetic congenital birth anomalies)

Greater number of associated impairments

• ex: Cerebral palsy, seizures, sensory issues

Diagnosis as a newborn or infant due

Single gene disorders (Biomedical Influences)

•Autosomal dominant: Tuberous sclerosis

•Autosomal recessive: Tay-Sachs, phenylketonuria

•X-linked: Fragile X syndrome

Chromosomal disorders (Biomedical Influences)

•Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

•Trisomy 18, 13

Prenatal (Environmental Influence)

• Prematurity

• mom gets infection

Perinatally (Environmental Influence)

• While giving birth

birth injuries during difficult labors

Acquire HIV-1- giving it to the baby

Hypoxia (decreased oxygen supply)

premature birth

Postnatally (Environmental Influence)

•Trauma with injury or lack of oxygen to the brain

• Infections with injury

• Severe psychosocial deprivation

Early Signs and Symptoms

young child

• limitations in recalling information

• understanding consequences

• social rules

• difficulty problem solving

Mild ID

•A child may have difficulty learning an academic skill, challenges with abstraction, EF, STM

•Adults may have a concrete approach to problem solving

•Immature social interactions

•May be IND in ADLs and may be employable

Moderate ID

•A child may have slow development of language/academic skills in pre-K

•Adults may have an elementary-level education

•May require repetition of teaching and reminders to support ADLs and recreational skills

Severe ID

•Expressive language – single words, phrases, AAC means

•Receptive language – simple speech, gestures

•High level of support needed for problem solving

•Require Supervision

Profound ID

•Expressive and receptive language very limited, gestures and emotional cues may be used and understood

•Recreation may include water activities, walking, listening to music, watching movies

•Dependent in ADLs or may be able to assist caregiver

•May be able to functionally use objects

Life expectancy is similar to general population for those with _____

mild ID