Chapter 17 Pearson Review

The type of point mutation that results in a premature stop codon is called a _________ mutation.

nonsense

missense

inversion

deletion

silent

nonsense

In eukaryotic cells, a __________ by a __________ targets a growing peptide to the endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosome; signal-recognition particle

signal-recognition particle; signal peptide

signal-recognition particle; ribosome

signal peptide; polyribosome

signal peptide; signal-recognition particle

signal peptide; signal-recognition particle

__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide using information in the mRNA.

Transcription

Translation

Splicing

Alternative splicing

The polypeptide hypothesis

Translation

Gene expression is __________.

the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

the genetic makeup of an individual

the way that an individual appears

the way that some genes express themselves at different times of the day, giving an individual a new appearance

None of the listed responses is correct.

the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Stop codons are unique because they __________.

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the P site of the ribosome

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the E site of the ribosome

code for a specific amino acid that binds to a releasing factor

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome

code for releasing factors

do not code for amino acids that allow a releasing factor to bind to the A site of the ribosome

__________ is the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA.

Translation

Splicing

Transcription

Alternative splicing

The polypeptide hypothesis

Transcription

One strand of a DNA molecule has the following sequence: 3-AGTACAAACTATCCACCGTC-5.

In order for transcription to occur in that strand, there would have to be a specific recognition sequence, called a(n) __________, to the left of the DNA sequence indicated.

promoter

centromere

intron

exon

AUG codon

promoter

The bonds that hold tRNA molecules in the correct three-dimensional shape are __________.

peptide linkages

hydrophobic interactions

covalent bonds

ionic bonds

hydrogen bonds

hydrogen bonds

The sickle-cell β-globin mutation is an example of a __________.

pointless mutation

silent mutation

nonsense mutation

missense mutation

base deletion

missense mutation

The structures called snRNPs are __________.

part of a spliceosome

involved in the removal of exons from DNA

a type of specialized carbohydrate

a critical component of the initiation complex

All of the listed responses are correct.

part of a spliceosome

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of genetic information in a DNA molecule?

A gene is composed of overlapping, three-nucleotide words on a template strand of DNA.

The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand.

The three-nucleotide words of a gene are serially arranged on both strands of DNA at a specific locus.

By overlapping the three-nucleotide words of a gene, the amount of information a DNA molecule can hold is maximized.

By analyzing the linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide, the exact order of the three-nucleotide words of a gene arranged on the template strand of DNA can be determined.

The three-nucleotide words of a gene are arranged in a nonoverlapping series on the DNA template strand.

When RNA is being made, the RNA base _________ always pairs with the base __________ in DNA.

U; A

U; T

T; G

A; U

T; A

U; A

Insertions and deletions are called __________ mutations.

missense

nonsense

silent

frameshift

nucleotide-pair substitution

frameshift

Which of the following is a post-translational modification of a polypeptide?

Removal of introns and splicing of exons

Formation of a polysome that allows simultaneous formation of many polypeptides from one mRNA transcript

The growing polypeptide signals the ribosome to attach to the ER

Complementary base pairing of mRNA and tRNA in the ribosome

Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains

Cleavage of a polypeptide into two or more chains

Which of the following catalyzes the linkage between ribonucleotides to form RNA during gene expression?

RNA polymerase

RNA ligase

A ribozyme

Reverse transcriptase

tRNA

RNA polymerase

What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

In prokaryotes, proteins are assembled directly from DNA.

In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing.

RNA polymerases are involved only in initiation in eukaryotes.

In eukaryotic cells, transcribed RNA sequences function as termination signals.

Prokaryotes do not contain ribosomes.

In prokaryotic cells, the mRNA transcript is immediately available as mRNA without processing.

Who formulated the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?

Watson and Crick

Hershey and Chase

Franklin

Beadle and Tatum

None of the listed responses is correct.

Beadle and Tatum

The function of tRNA during protein synthesis is to __________.

guide ribosome subunits out of the nucleus through nuclear pores

attach mRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome

deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis

process mRNA

transcribe mRNA

deliver amino acids to their proper site during protein synthesis

How many nucleotides are needed to code for a protein with 450 amino acids?

At least 150

At least 300

At least 450

At least 1,350

At least 900

At least 1,350

Genetic information of eukaryotic cells is transferred from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in the form of __________.

RNA

proteins

lipids

carbohydrates

RNA

By bombarding the fungus Neurospora crassa with X-rays, Beadle and Tatum were able to study __________ and characterize enzymes in a __________.

phenotypic mutants; biochemical pathway

nutritional mutants; glycolysis

phenotypic mutants; glycolysis

wild-type mutants; biochemical pathway

nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway

nutritional mutants; biochemical pathway

Eukaryotic processing of the primary transcript includes __________.

the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of exons

the addition of a 5ê poly-A tail, a 3ê cap, and the splicing out of introns

the addition of a 5ê poly-A tail, a 3ê cap, and the splicing out of exons

the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns

the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, the splicing out of introns, and a polyadenylation signal

the addition of a 5ê cap, a 3ê poly-A tail, and the splicing out of introns

What is the proper order of the following events in the expression of a eukaryotic gene?

1. translation

2. RNA processing

3. transcription

4. modification of protein

3, 2, 1, 4

1, 2, 3, 4

4, 2, 3, 1

2, 3, 4, 1

1, 2, 4, 3

3, 2, 1, 4

The "triplet code" refers to the fact that _________.

three amino acids code for a single nucleotide

three sets of nucleotides are required for each amino acid

the three-letter code for each amino acid is a triplet

three nucleotides code for a single amino acid

None of the listed responses is correct.

three nucleotides code for a single amino acid

Bacteria can transcribe and translate human genes to produce functional human proteins because __________.

bacterial ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are identical

eukaryotes do not really need a nucleus

RNA has catalytic properties

bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases are identical

the genetic code is nearly universal

the genetic code is nearly universal

An exception to the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is __________.

that not all amino acids code for enzymes; some amino acids code for structural proteins such as keratin

that all genes code for enzymes that produce structural proteins such as keratin

that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin

that the genetic code is for enzymes, while the structural code is for structural proteins such as keratin

None of the listed responses is correct.

that not all genes code for enzymes; some genes code for structural proteins such as keratin

The TATA box is a __________ that allows for the binding of __________ and __________.

ANSWER

eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II

prokaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II

eukaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome

prokaryotic promoter; translation factors; ribosome

eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; ribozymes

eukaryotic promoter; transcription factors; RNA polymerase II

Polysomes may be defined as __________.

microfilaments and microtubules

groups of lysosomes

groups of chromosomes

groups of peroxisomes

groups of ribosomes

groups of ribosomes

RNA molecules that function as enzymes are called __________.

RNA polymerases

transfer RNAs

polysomes

ribozymes

aminoacyl-RNA synthetases

ribozymes

Because the bacterial cell's DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope, __________ occur(s).

coupled splicing and tailing of the message

alternative splicing

coupled transcription and translation

segregated transcription and translation

segregated splicing and tailing of the message

coupled transcription and translation