Oral Communication Review Notes

A comprehensive set of practice Q&A flashcards covering the key concepts from the notes on oral communication, models, verbal and nonverbal elements, cultural aspects, and speech styles.

What is the SENDER in the communication process?

The sender is the communication speaker or source.

What is the MESSAGE in communication?

The idea the sender wants to communicate.

What is ENCODING in the communication process?

The sender puts the message into verbal or non-verbal symbols.

What is the CHANNEL in communication?

The medium used to transmit the message (e.g., voice, text, gesture).

What is DECODING in the communication process?

The receiver interprets the message.

Who is the RECEIVER in communication?

The person who receives and interprets the message.

What is FEEDBACK in communication?

The response to the message.

What is NOISE in communication terms?

Interference that affects the clarity of the message.

What is the purpose of COMMUNICATION MODELS?

They help explain how messages are sent, received, and understood.

What is the Linear Model of Communication?

A one-way process where the message travels from sender to receiver with minimal or no feedback.

What is Aristotle’s Model of Communication?

An oldest model: speaker → speech → audience.

What is the Shannon–Weaver (Telephone) Model known for?

Illustrates how noise or distractions can interfere with communication.

What is Berlo’s S–M–C–R Model focused on?

Focuses on the Sender, Message, Channel, and Receiver and the elements involved in communication.

What is Lasswell’s Model used for?

To analyze mass communication like TV, radio, or social media.

What are Interactive Models of communication?

Models that view communication as two-way or reciprocal.

What is the Osgood–Schramm Model?

A two-way model emphasizing a shared field of experience between sender and receiver.

What does the Westley & MacLean Model explain?

Explains mass communication processes (1957).

What is the Transactional Model of communication?

All components (including people and environment) are constantly changing and influencing each other.

What is Barlund’s Transaction Model (1970)?

Sender and receiver can change places during communication.

What is Dance’s Helical Model?

Communication grows like a spiral (helix), building on past experiences and expanding over time.

What does REGULATION/CONTROL refer to in communication?

Control of behavior through communication.

What does SOCIAL INTERACTION refer to in communication?

Allows individuals to establish and maintain social relationships.

What is MOTIVATION in communication?

Communication motivates or encourages people.

What is EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION in communication?

Expressing feelings or understanding others.

What is INFORMATION DISSEMINATION?

Conveying information to others.

What is VERBAL COMMUNICATION?

Using spoken or written words.

What is ORAL COMMUNICATION?

Face-to-face conversations, phone calls, speeches, etc.

What is WRITTEN COMMUNICATION?

Letters, emails, texts, notes, etc.

What is a PAUSE in communication?

Short silences that emphasize a point or give the listener time to absorb information.

What does VOLUME refer to in speech?

Loudness or softness of speech.

What is PITCH in voice?

Highness or lowness of the voice.

What is RHYTHM in speaking?

Flow and speed of speech.

What is REPETITION/REPHRASING?

Restating ideas to emphasize or clarify.

What is TONE in communication?

Attitude conveyed through voice.

What is LANGUAGE in communication?

Choice of words, language level, and appropriateness.

What is NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION?

Gestures, body language, facial expressions, and tone.

What is PARALANGUAGE?

Tone, pitch, and volume—how something is said.

What are KINESICS?

Body movements such as gestures, posture, and facial expressions.

What is OCULESICS?

Eye behavior.

What is PROXEMICS?

Use of personal space.

What is HAPTICS?

Communication through touch.

What is CHRONEMICS?

Use of time in communication.

What does CLEAR mean in communication quality?

The message should be easily understood.

What is CONCISENESS?

Few words, as possible, while still conveying the full message.

What is CONCRETENESS?

Be specific and backed by facts.

What is CORRECTNESS in communication?

Use proper grammar, spelling, facts, and language.

What does COHERENCE mean?

The message should be logically organized and consistent.

What is COMPLETENESS in communication?

The message must be complete.

What does COURTESY involve in communication?

Being respectful, polite, and considerate of the listener’s perspective.

What is INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?

Communicating with people from diverse cultures.

What is INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE?

Ability to understand and interact effectively with other cultures.

What is CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION?

Comparing two or more different cultures.

What is ETHNOCENTRISM?

Believing your culture is better than others.

What are STEREOTYPES in communication?

Generalized assumptions about people based on culture or nationality.

What is INTERPRETATION OF TIME?

How cultures perceive time and manage time accordingly.

What are PERSONAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS?

Different comfort zones for personal space across cultures.

What is BODY LANGUAGE?

Gestures or facial expressions used to communicate.

What are TRANSLATION LIMITATIONS?

Miscommunication due to language barriers or incorrect translations.

What is INTRAPERSONAL communication?

Communication within one person.

What is INTERPERSONAL communication?

Communication among people.

What is DYAD COMMUNICATION?

Communication between two people.

What is SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION?

Communication among three to ten people.

What is PUBLIC COMMUNICATION?

Delivering a message in front of a group.

What is MASS COMMUNICATION?

Communication through television, radio, newspapers, etc.

What are SPEECH STYLES?

Styles that depend on context and affect how messages are received.

What is INTIMATE communication?

Between close family members or intimate individuals.

What is CASUAL communication?

Among peers with jargon, slang, and street language.

What is CONSULTATIVE communication?

Standard, professional, or mutually acceptable language.

What is FORMAL communication?

Used in formal settings.

What is FROZEN (static) speech style?

Communication that remains unchanged over time.