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Coulombic Attraction
use anywhere that a concept requires the consideration of an interaction between charged species. especially useful when discussing periodic trends such as ionization energies. use instead of “shielding”.
particle
this word covers the more specific terms like atoms, molecules, and ions, and is deliberately ambiguous.
dipoles cancel through/via symmetry
used when explaining that polar bonds within a Lewis structure lead to a non-polar molecule due to the dipoles cancelling out by pointing towards each other.
greater polarizability
use to describe the increase in LDFs that occurs with the increasing number of electrons and increasing surface area of molecules. do not use “increasing mass” in conjunction with increasing LDFs, since mass changes relating to attractive forces are only applicable to gravitational forces, not any forces occurring between particles.
protonated, deprotonated
describes acids and their conjugate bases
successful collision
a collision that results in a reaction. one that fulfills both the activation energy and the orientation criteria.
unsuccessful collision
collisions that do not result in a reaction, due to too low activation energy or improper orientation
catalysts are regenerated
in reactions where catalysts undergo chemical interactions with reactants, they actually do take part in the reaction. That is why when they show up in both the products and reactions, they are “regenerated,” not “not used in the reaction.”
kJ/mol rxn
refers to the enthalpy change “for the reaction as written,” meaning that the numerical value you see for delta H is what applies to the reaction as a whole.
restore the value of K
useful when explaining a shift in equilibrium position at constant temperature that occurs because of an external stress and the subsequent creation of a Q value that must be counteracted.
buffers resist change in pH
pHs do change when acids and bases are added to buffers, but not as much as one might expect because they are capable of accepted both H+ and OH-.
dispersal
replaces “disorder” in terms of entropy, more emphasis when you say dispersal
kinetically stable
used to describe reactions with high activation energies making otherwise thermodynamically favorable reactions (negative ∆G°) appear not to proceed
kinetic control
the barrier that prevents reactions from occurring, due to the activation energy being too high to proceed at a rate that can be recorded.
thermodynamically favored
when a reaction has a negative ∆G°, replaces the word “spontaneous” or “spontaneity".”
thermodynamically unfavored
when a reaction has a positive ∆G°
Note 
Flashcard (43)