m5 MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED THERAPY

MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED THERAPY

Also known as Manual or Manipulative body-based (MBB) methods

mass

massage: Arabic verb __ “to touch” and

massein

massage: Greek word __ “to knead”

peter ling

appears to be founder of modern-day massage techniques, incorporated with French massage techniques

Albert Hoffa

▪ He develop a system of massage

▪ Effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, vibration, effleurage

▪ Massage begins and ends with effleurage

James Mennell

He introduced two categories of effects of massage

• Mechanical effects – direct effects of massage application

• Reflexive effects – indirect effects and occurs via nervous system

Mechanical effects

direct effects of massage application

Reflexive effects

indirect effects and occurs via nervous system

Gertrude Beard

Introduced massage technique called soft tissue massage technique

Massage

therapeutic manipulation of the soft tissues (musculoskeletal) of the body used to achieve normalization of those

massage

It can be defined also as an act of rubbing, kneading, or stroking the superficial parts of the body for the purpose of modifying nutrition, restoring power of movement or breaking down adhesions.

MASSAGE MEDIA

It is used to decrease friction between patient’s skin and clinician’s hand e.g., lotions, oil, powder or analgesic balms, hot or cold stone, hot cloth, aroma therapy.

depth of pressure

It is the amount of force a stroke applies to the tissue.

Speed

It is how fast or slow a stroke is performed depending on the desired response, relaxation or stimulation.

Rhythm

It is referred to the overall tone of the massage or the regularity with which a stroke is applied.

duration

It is the length of time each stroke lasts during its application or the length of time the stroke remains on any given body part.

30-60 seconds

standard duration of massage

Centripetal

towards the heart

Centrifugal

away from the heart

three

In general, each stroke is performed at least __ times before transition to another stroke or body area.

Petrissage

is also referred to milking or wringing

Petrissage

It is lifting & kneading of skin, subcutaneous tissue & muscles.

friction

The goal is to mobilize muscle, tendon, scar tissue & separate adhesions that restrict movement & cause pain.

transverse

Applied with thumbs or fingertips stroking the tissue from opposite directions

Tapotement

• To wake up the nerves

• Gentle tapping or pounding of the skin. It is a percussion stroke with the blow being immediately pulled off the muscle as soon as the hand strikes.

Hacking

is performed using the ulnar side of the hands (little finger side) in alternating blows with the wrists kept loose.

Beating

is performed with the ulnar side of the hand and loose fists.

Cupping

is performed with the palmar side of the hand in concave position.

Slapping

is performed with the palmar side of the hand with usually more finger surface than palm.

Tapping

(as beating) and pinching are both performed using the fingertips.

Vibration

is a fine, gentle trembling movement of the tissues which is performed by hand or fingers.

Shaking

is a large movement performed more vigorously.

CHIROPRACTIC MANIPULATION

Assessment, diagnosis and treatment of neuromusculoskeletal (nervous, skeletal, and muscular) disorders, primarily through manipulation and other manual therapies.

Daniel David Palmer

founded the concept of chiropractic medicine in 1895 in Davenport, Iowa; opened the Palmer School of Chiropractic in 1898

CHIROPRACTIC CARE

use hands-on spinal manipulation (adjustment) and other alternative treatments.

❖ Ontario: 4 year, full-time program

❖ Quebec: 5 year, full-time program

CHIROPRACTIC EDUCATION

• CANADA

➢ Two degree-granting, full-time, accredited chiropractic programs:

❖ Ontario: __, full-time program

❖ Quebec: __, full-time program

❖ US Educational Requirements

➢ Six semesters didactic course work (average course load 25-27 credits)

➢ Four semesters extensive Clinical experience

➢ National Board Examinations Parts I-IV

x-ray

one of the major diagnostic tool in chiropractic and it is often used during initial evaluation.

osteo; pathos

OSTEOPATHIC MANIPULATIVE TREATMENT (OMT)

• Comes from the Latin prefix of __, referring to bone and __, which later came to mean disease, but initially meant knowledge.

Andrew Taylor Still, MD.

(OMT) osteopathy was termed by __

Osteopathic manipulative treatment or OMT

wholistic hands-on care performed by an osteopathic physician. Using the hands, the doctor diagnoses, treats, and works to prevent injury or illness.

SOMATIC DYSFUNCTION

Central in the concept of the osteopathy

SOMATIC DYSFUNCTION

Marker of indicator of disease for osteopathy

OSTEOPATHIC PLAN

• Foundation Principles

• A Palpatory Warm Up

• Tenderness

• Asymmetry

• Restriction of motion (you can feel pain when you stretch)

• Tissue texture changes

4 CRITERIA OF SOMATIC DYSFUNCTION

PALPATION-INFORMATION

Form of physical examination using the hands.

➢ Skin

➢ Temperature

➢ Fluid status or status of hydration

Trigger Points

hyper irritable spots

Tender Points

pain is only felt of the side of palpation

Soft Tissue: Tractional technique

• Stretching

• Origin and insertion of a myofascial structure is separated longitudinally

• Can be both therapeutic and diagnostic

Soft Tissue: Kneading

A rhythmic, lateral stretching of a myofascial structure, in which the origin and insertion are held stationary and the central portion is stretched like a bowstring.

Soft Tissue: Inhibition

• Sustained deep pressure over a hypertonic myofascial structure

• Can be gentle or not!!

Thoracic Prone Traction

• For:

➢ Kyphosis

➢ Prep for HVLA

➢ Treat hypertonicity of thoracic visceral disease (asthma, COPD, HTN, CAD)

Strain-Counterstrain

Patient is moved away or passively away from the restricted motion towards the position of great discomfort (position where the muscle id at its shortest length)

Lawrence H. Jones, DO, FAAO

Strain-Counterstrain is developed by __

Muscle Energy

Utilize the patients active cooperation to correct a dysfunction

Muscle Energy

Form of manual therapy in which it uses the muscle's own energy to induce relaxation and promote pain relief.

reflexology

Form of massage that involves applying pressure to points on the feet, hands, and ears

Acupressure; Reflexology

➢ __ involves the entire body

➢ __ only on the feet, hands, and ears.

William Fitzgerald

In 1900, ___, a medical physician, introduced zone therapy (or reflexology) to the United States; wrote the book Zone Therapy

Ingham

renamed zone therapy as “reflexology,” and mapped out the feet’s reflex zones into charts that are still used today

REFLEXOLOGY TECHNIQUES

A gentle, noninvasive technique with no known side effects

30-60 mins

typical session of reflexology

oil

not used for reflexology because the fingers may slip and cause extra pressure or pain; a light dusting of talcum powder is used on the foot.