Legislative and Executive Systems

China - Name of Legislature

National People’s Congress

Iran - Name of Legislature

Majlis

UK - Name of Legislature

Parliament

Mexico - Name of Legsilature

National Congress

Nigeria - Name of Legislature

Congress

Russia - Name of Legislature

Federal Assembly

China - uni or bicamercal

Unicameral (2,980 members, NPC standing committee has 175)

Iran - uni or bi cameral

Unicameral (290 members)

UK - uni or bi cameral

Bicameral (House of Lords = upper (827 members), House of Commons (650 members) = Lower)

Mexico = uni or bi cameral

Bicameral (Chamber of Deputies (500 members) = Lower, Upper (128 members) = Senate)

Nigeria - bi or unicameral

Bicameral (House of Representatives = 360, Senate (109 members) = Upper)

Russia - bi or unicameral

Bicameral (State Duma (450) = Lower House, Federation Council (178) = Upper House)

China - constraints on the legislature

The Communist party has control over it, and there are several councils above it (NPC Standing committee, State Council, State Council Standing Comittee)

Iran - constraints on the legislature

The President starts all legislature, the Guardian Council has to approve it before it goes to the Supreme Leader, the Supreme Leader has ultimate veto power

UK - constraints on the legislature

In theory, the monarch has to approve the PM

Mexico - constraints on the legislature

No

Nigeria - constraints on the legislature

No

Russia - constraints on the legislature

The President can veto all bills, the Federation Council needs to approve financial bills

China - type of legislative system

N/A

Iran - type of legislative system

N/A

UK - type of legislative system

Parliamentary

Nigeria - type of legislative system

Presidential

Mexico - type of legislative system

Presidential

Russia - type of legislative system

Semi-Presidential

China - head of state

President (Xi)

Iran - head of state

Ayatollah (Ayatollah Homehni)

Russia - head of state

President (Putin)

UK - head of state

Monarch (Charles)

Mexico - head of state

President (Schienbaum)

Nigeria - head of state

President (Tinubu)

China - head of government

Premier (Li)

Iran - head of government

President

Russia - head of government

Prime Minister (Mishutin)

UK - head of government

Prime Minister (Starmer)

Mexico - head of government

President

Nigeria - head of government

President

China - terms and term limits

5 year terms, previous 2 term limit removed in 2018

Iran - terms and term limits

Ayatollah serves for life, President serves four year terms and can only serve two terms consecutively

Russia - terms and term limits

President has six year term limits, only two consecutive terms but this has been reset for Putin

UK - terms and term limits

Monarch is for life, no limits on how long can be PM

Mexico - terms and term limits

Six years, one term

Nigeria - terms and term limits

four years, two terms

China - HoS and HoG removal

NPC can remove them by majority vote but the decision making power lies with CCP

Iran - HoS and HoG removal

Supreme Leader can be removed in theory by Assembly of Experts, the President can be removed by the Supreme Leader or legislature

Russia - HoS and HoG removal

Impeachment is only possible with charge of high treason or another crime, must first be approved by the high courts then 2/3 of both houses

UK - removal of HoS and HoG

PM can be removed through vote of no confidence, Monarch is for life

Mexico - HoS and HoG removal

2/3 vote in both houses of legislation

Nigeria - HoS and HoG removal

2/3 vote in both houses of legislation

Mexico - powers of the legislation

Joint: representation, pass legislation, pass the budget, legislative oversight; Only chamber of deputies: introduce revenue bills, impeach, verify election outcomes; Only Senate: impeachment trial, confirm appointments, ratify treaties