09_Lecture_for_PSYC2018H_F24

Probability Sampling

a method of selecting a sample from a population using random selection or chance

Self Selection Bias

A bias that occurs when individuals select themselves into a group, potentially leading to non-representative samples.

Regression Analysis

A statistical process for estimating the relationships among variables, used for prediction.

Coefficient of Determination (r²)

A measure that explains the proportion of variability in one variable that is accounted for by the other variable.

Mediator Variable

A variable that explains the relationship between two other variables.

Moderator Variable

A variable that affects the strength or direction of a relationship between two variables.

Scatterplot

uses dots to represent values for two different numeric variables

Positive Correlation

A relationship where higher scores on one variable are associated with higher scores on another.

Negative Correlation

A relationship where higher scores on one variable are associated with lower scores on another.

Cross-Lagged Panel Study

A research design that analyzes the correlation between two variables over different time periods to address directionality issues.

Likelihood Scale

A survey scale used to measure attitudes or opinions with ordered response options, from agree to disagree.

Survey Wording

The specific language and phrasing used in survey questions that can affect responses.

Bivariate Correlation

A statistical measure that assesses the relationship between two variables.

Directionality Problem

The issue in correlational research when it cannot be determined which variable influences the other.

Survey Sample Bias

The bias that occurs when a survey population does not accurately reflect the broader population.

Demand Characteristics

Cues in a research environment that might influence participants' responses.

In-Person Interview Surveys

Surveys conducted through direct interaction between the interviewer and the respondent, allowing for in-depth responses.

Mailed Written Surveys

Surveys that are sent to participants to be completed at their convenience, often struggling with response rates.

Phone Surveys

Surveys conducted via telephone, known for their efficiency but often limited by the need for brevity.

Electronic Surveys

Surveys administered through online platforms, offering cost-effectiveness but facing sampling issues.