Chapter 10 - Non-experimental and quasi-experimental designs

at what stage is random assignments done in non and quasi experimental designs

there is none

what is the main difference between quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs

• NE: no attempt to control for threats to internal validity

• QE: attempt to control for threats to internal validity

what are the 3 designs in non/quasi experimental between-groups designs, and are they quasi or non-experimental

1. differential design NE

2. post-test only NEG design NE

3. pre-test post-test NEG design QE

what is a central failure of NEG designs

assignment bias may reduce internal and external validity

define differential designs

compares pre-existing groups to investigate a difference in a variable of interest

define post-test only design (also known as NECG design; non-equivalent control group design)

compares those who have received a treatment with those who haven’t (but no manipulation or control over who is exposed)

define pre-test post-test NECG design

compares those who have received a treatment with those who haven’t (but no manipulation or control over who is exposed), measurement made before and after treatment

what are the 2 designs in non/quasi experimental within-groups designs, and are they quasi or non-experimental

1. one group pre-test post-test design NE

2. time series design QE

define one group pre test post test designs

study in which a series of observations are made over time in just one group of participants

which design compares individual scores before and after treatment

one group pretest post test NE designs

True or false, one group pre test post test design has higher assignment bias but also is less affected by time-related factors

false, no assignment bias or very little, cannot control for time factors

define the time series design

repeated pre test and post test measurement within participants, comparing data before and after tx in terms of level and trend

true or false? in time series design, the researcher can identify threats to internal validity such as maturation, instrumentalization, etc.

true

for an external event to be a threat to internal validity in a time series design, it must _____

occur at the same time as the treatment

what are the 3 general categories of non-experimental or quasi-experimental designs and are they NE or QE

1. between-groups designs NE/QE

2. within-groups designs NE/QE

3. developmental research designs NE

what are the 3 kinds of non experimental developmental research designs

1. cross sectional design

2. longitudinal design

3. cross-sectional and longitudinal design

define the cross sectional design

more than 2 groups are measured simultaneously

define the longitudinal design

participants within one group are measured two or more times

define the cross-sectional and longitudinal design

more than 2 groups and participants measured multiple times within their groups

teens, adults, and elderly are measured for ease of using a cellphone, this is an example of ____ design

cross sectional

True or false? although cohort effect higher for longitudinal research than cross sectional research, it is easier and less cost efficient

false, no cohort effects in longitudinal research