box notes 12-23 indian ocean trade

slay

Chinampas

floating gardens used to increase farmland

Stelae

altars where blood taken from human prisoners and thousands was sacrificed

Pok a Tok

a ritual ball court, also known as _____

`tattoos`

something that elites decorated their bodies with

Sun at Cuzco

a magnificent Temple that was the center of state religion. 

khipu

the system of knotted cords and beads was used for counting

Terraces

built into hillsides for farming by the Inca

Mit’a System

under this system, each person owed compulsory labor service to the Inca state.

Orejones

_____ = big ears.

wearing ear spools, which enlarged a person’s ears, was a demonstration of privilege and wealth in Incan society.

Anasazi

\
* a group of people who settled in the American Southwest
* Most villages contained ritual enclosures called __**kivas**__.  __**Ritual**__ items including skeletal remains of Mexican macaws have been found in these sites
* The Anasazi abandoned the area around 1300
* Used river water to irrigate crops of __**maize, beans, squash, and sunflowers**__

Pueblos

permanent adobe and stone buildings built by the Anasazi

Cahokia

* “mound builders”


* People who built Cahokia also had settlements along the Mississippi valley and __**modern St. Louis**__  
* Eighty mounds of different sizes are located here.  The area was abandoned around 1300. 
* Cultivated __**beans and maize**__ in a natural environment filled with trees & rain.

“Mound Builders”

what the Cahokia were known as. Mounds served as stages for ceremonies, platforms for dwellings, and burial sites 

Aztecs

(1300-1521) they developed into a powerful mesoamerican empire 

Teotihuacan

was the center of religious ritual and government located to the north of the Maya that impacted the Aztecs. 

Pyramids

____ were built of the sun and the moon, by the Aztecs

Quetzalcoatl

a powerful god worshiped by the people of Teotihuacan

Huitzilopochtli

the chief god of Aztec religion. The Aztecs had a large and powerful group of priests that practiced bloody rituals to please him

Obsidian Knife/knife made of obsidian

During religious sacrificial ceremonies, Aztec priests cut the heart from the victim’s chest with a **____** and he heart was then eaten by members of the elite. 

Tribute System

a system imposed on those conquered by the Aztecs, allowing them to rise to power on military prowess.

The Inca

(1200-1533) they became a powerful South American empire.

* The chief ruler was called the Inca and was considered a deity descended from the sun. 


* The Inca’s wife was believed to be connected to the __**moon**__.
* The Inca understood that different crops grew at different altitudes, and used metal tools, fertilizers, irrigation, dams, and canals.  
* Expansion was made possible by agricultural advances that __**increased food supply**__.  

Llamas and Alpacas

used _____ as "beasts of burden”