Self Determination Theory - Deci and Ryan 1985

Self-determination

Refers to a person’s own ability to manage themselves, make confident choices, and think independently.

Self Determination Theory

Focuses on the relationship between extrinsic forces and intrinsic motives, emphasizing the role of intrinsic motivation in human behavior.

Amotivation

A lack or absence of drive to engage in an activity, characterized by neither extrinsic nor intrinsic motivation.

Extrinsic motivation

An external incentive to engage in a specific activity, particularly motivation arising from the expectation of punishment or reward.

Over justification effect

Occurs when external rewards reduce self-determination or intrinsic motivation, leading to decreased motivation for enjoyable activities.

External Regulation

The least autonomous type of extrinsic motivation, where behaviors are performed to satisfy external demands or receive imposed rewards.

Introjection Regulation

A type of extrinsic motivation where actions are performed under pressure to avoid guilt or anxiety to attain self-esteem.

Identification Regulation

A more autonomous form of extrinsic motivation, where a person recognizes the personal importance of a behavior and accepts responsibility for it.

Integration Regulation

The most autonomous form of extrinsic motivation, where external motivations align with a person's beliefs and goals.

Intrinsic motivation

An internal incentive to engage in an activity driven by pleasure and satisfaction from the activity itself.

Autonomy

The need to feel self-governed and independent; feeling in control of one's behavior and life.

Competence

The need to be effective in dealing with the environment, implying sufficient abilities and skills.

Relatedness

The need to experience a sense of belonging and connection to others.

Strengths of SDT

Includes broad applications, evidence-based support, and cross-cultural applicability.

Limitations of SDT

Includes the inability to determine individual differences in psychological needs, a lack of focus on adolescents, and issues with falsifiability.