1.1 Biology Cell Structure and Function

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell. The site of cellular respiration.

Golgi Apparatus

The packaging, processing, and secreting center.

Vesicle

Package of material that is released from the Golgi apparatus.

Lysosome

Suicide sac. Specialized vacuole that contains digestive enzymes used to digest bacteria, viruses, and worn out cell parts

Plasma Membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded. Chooses what can enter and leave the cell.

Microtubule

Small, protein tubes.

Microfilament

Small, protein threads.

Homeostasis

Staying the same in a changing environment.

Surface area to volume ratio

Volume grows faster than surface area. Cells that get too large must divide. Plasma membrane becomes stretched food can't get in and wastes cannot get out.

Cytoplasm

The liquid part of the cell.

Nucleus

The brain of the cell. A membrane bound organelle that contains the cell's DNA.

Prokaryote

Organism that have cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryote

Organisms that have cells that have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Cell

The basic unit of life.

Tissue

A group of cells working together.

Organ

A group of tissues working together.

Organ System

A group of organs working together.

Organism

A group of organ systems working together.

Chromatin

Thread like strands of DNA in the nucleus.

Fluid Mosaic Model

The phospholipid bilayer behaves more like a liquid than a solid.

Nuclear Envelope

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Nucleolus

Denser area in the nucleus. Makes ribosomes.

Ribosome

Make proteins. Scattered throughout the cytoplasm and on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

System of interconnected, flattened sacs covered with ribosomes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Has no ribosomes. Makes lipids and detoxifies.

Cytoskeleton

Network of thin tubes and filaments that help support the cell.

Cilia

Hairlike extensions that extend from the surface of the cell.

Flagella

Long whip-like tail.

Centriole

Consists of two short cylinders that become active during cell division.

Cell Wall

The rigid outer covering of plant, bacteria, fungi, and some protist cells.

Central Vacuole

Large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water, but also enzymes.

Chloroplast

Organelle that contain chlorophyll and are used in photosynthesis.

Chromoplast

Organelle that contain colorful pigments.

Amyloplast (Leucoplast)

Organelle that stores starch and oils.

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Golgi Apparatus

Nucleolus

Plasma Membrane

Lysosome

Centriole

Cytoplasm

Chloroplast

Cell Wall

Endoplasmic Reticulum