Bio mid

Which substances are inorganic compounds?


1. water and salts
2. proteins and carbohydrates
3. fats and oils
4. enzymes and hormones

Water and salts

Inorganic compounds do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen. Salt is made of sodium and chlorine.

Compound x increases at the rate of reaction below

Co2 + H2O —X—> H2CO3

Compound x is most likely


1. An enzyme
2. A lipid molecule
3. An indicator
4. An ADP molecule

An enzyme

Compound X is an enzyme. Enzymes are organic catalysts. They speed up the rate of reactions.

Which substance is an inorganic compound?

1. water 2. glucose 3. maltase 4. insulin

Water

An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 a.m. the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present in this leaf than in the leaf tested the day before. This reduction in starch content occurred because starch was


1. \

changed into cellulose
2\.

transported out of the leaves through the stomates
3\.

conducted downward toward the roots through vessels
4\.

digested into simple sugars

\
digested into simple sugars

Which of these elements is found in the smallest amount in living matter?


1. \

iodine
2\.

carbon
3\.

nitrogen
4\.

oxygen

Iodine

Which term best describes a solution with a pH of 5?


1. \

acidic
2\.

neutral
3\.

basic
4\.

colorless

Acidic

\

Which elements are present in all organic compounds?


1. \

hydrogen and oxygen
2\.

nitrogen and oxygen
3\.

nitrogen and carbon
4\.

hydrogen and carbon

Hydrogen

In which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more complex materials?


1. \

synthesis
2\.

pinocytosis
3\.

hydrolysis
4\.

cyclosis

Synthesis

\
Synthesisis the process in which small simple molecules are joined to make large complex molecules. Synthesis always proceeds from small to large.

Which formula represents an organic compound?


1. \

Mg(OH)2
2\.

NaCl
3\.

C12H22O11
4\.

NH3

C12H22O11

Which characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?


1. \

Enzymes are complex compounds composed of starch.
2\.

Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.
3\.

Enzymes are long, complex fats.
4\.

Each enzyme is made up of four subunits.

Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.

\
Enzymes work because of their shape.  They are very specific. That is why they are compared to locks and keys, which also work because their shapes are very specific.

Which substances are necessary for the synthesis of most materials in an organism?


1. \

hormones 
2\.

carbohydrates 
3\.

antibodies
4\.

enzymes

enzymes

A sample of food containing one type of a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive  enzyme.   Nutrient tests performed on the resulting products showed the presence of simple sugars, only. Based on  these test results, the original large molecules contained in the sample were molecules of


1. \

protein
2\.

glucose
3\.

starch
4\.

DNA

Starch

\
Starches are large molecules made of small simple sugar molecules.

“catalyst” is also known as


1. \

a hormone
2\.

an enzyme
3\.

an antibody
4\.

an inorganic compound

Enzyme

\
Enzymes are used to make compounds or break them down like catalysts.

A characteristic shared by all enzymes, hormones, and antibodies is that their function is determined by the


1. \

shape of their molecules
2\.

DNA they contain
3\.

inorganic molecules they contain
4\.

organelles present in their structure

shape of their molecules

\
Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies are very specific in their actions, because the shape of their molecules determines their function.

Which words best complete the lettered blanks in the two sentences below?

Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into B and starches are digested into C.


1. \

A-large, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids
2\.

A-small, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids
3\.

A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars
4\.

A-small, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars

A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars



Proteins and starches are large molecules. Proteins are digested into amino acids, and starches are digested into simple sugars.

Which statement concerning simple sugars and amino acids is correct?


1. \

They are both wastes resulting from protein synthesis.
2\.

They are both building blocks of starch.
3\.

They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules.
4\.

They are both stored as fat molecules in the liver.

They are both needed for the synthesis of larger molecules

\
Simple sugars are the basic building blocks of larger starch molecules. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of larger protein molecules.

Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?


1. \

proteins, water, DNA, fats
2\.

proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water
3\.

proteins, DNA, fats, starch
4\.

proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch

proteins, DNA, fats, starch

\
Proteins are composed of amino acids. DNA is made from nucleotides. Fats are made from 3 fatty acids and glycerol. Starch is made from sugars.

Three days after an organism eats some meat, many of the organic molecules originally contained in the meat would be found in newly formed molecules of


1. \

glucose
2\.

protein
3\.

starch
4\.

oxygen

protein

\
Meat will be broken down into amino acids that will be used to form protein for the organism.

Which substance is an inorganic molecule?


1. \

starch
2\.

DNA
3\.

water
4\.

fat

Water, H2O, is an inorganic molecule because it does not contain carbon.

The shape of a protein is originally determined by the


1. \

size of the protein molecule
2\.

location of the protein within the cell
3\.

arrangement of amino acids in the protein
4\.

function the protein must carry out

arrangement of amino acids in the protein


The shape of a protein is originally determined by the arrangement of amino acids in the protein.

Xylem tissue in plants transports minerals and


1. \

sugars
2\.

proteins
3\.

lipids
4\.

water

Water

\
Xylem tissue in plants transports minerals and water.

Which reactions in the list below are associated with metabolism?

(A) cellular reactions that release energy
(B) photosynthetic reactions that store energy
(C) muscle reactions that use energy


1. \

A and B, only
2\.

B and C, only
3\.

C and A, only
4\.

A, B, and C

A, B, C

\
Metabolism is all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism. Living things are basically just chemical reactions. Reaction A is respiration. Reaction B is photosynthesis. Reaction C is the muscles using energy.

The main result of aerobic respiration is the


1. \

conversion of radiant energy into chemical energy
2\.

production of lactic acid as an end product
3\.

storage of energy in a polysaccharide
4\.

production of ATP from the breakdown of glucose

production of ATP from the breakdown of glucose

\
Aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose in the form of ATP.

The main function of the human digestive system is to


1. \

rid the body of cellular waste materials
2\.

process organic molecules so they can enter cells
3\.

break down glucose in order to release energy
4\.

change amino acids into proteins and carbohydrates

process organic molecules so they can enter cells


The digestive system breaks down the organic food molecules so they are small enough to be absorbed into cells.

Respiration and photosynthesis have the least effect on the cycling of


1. \

carbon
2\.

nitrogen
3\.

oxygen
4\.

hydrogen

nitrogen

Respiration takes in O2 and releases CO2 and H2O. Photosynthesis takes in CO2 and H2O and releases oxygen. Nitrogen is not involved.

A green plant is kept in a brightly lighted area for 48 hours. What will most likely occur if the light intensity is reduced slightly during the next 48 hours?


1. \

Photosynthesis will stop completely.
2\.

The rate at which nitrogen is used by the plant will increase.
3\.

The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease.
4\.

Glucose production inside each plant cell will increase.

The rate at which oxygen is released from the plant will decrease.

\
The amount of light is one of the factors that determines the rate of photosynthesis.  Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen.  A slower rate of photosynthesis will result in a lower rate at which oxygen is released.

The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to


1. \

absorb and distribute materials
2\.

obtain and hydrolyze materials
3\.

release energy from food
4\.

produce cellular waste products

absorb and distribute materials

\
Transport is the absorption and distribution of materials within an organism.

Which substance is needed for aerobic cellular respiration to occur?


1. \

oxygen
2\.

carbon dioxide
3\.

nitrogen
4\.

methane

Oxygen

The process of osmosis would explain the net movement of water into a cell if the percentage of


1. \

water was 90% inside the cell and 95% outside the cell
2\.

protein was 30% inside the cell and 35% outside the cell
3\.

water was 95% inside the cell and 90% outside the cell
4\.

water and protein was equal inside and outside the cell

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration,

\
95% outside the cell, to low concentration 90% inside the cell.

Which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continuously in the cells of organisms?


1. \

removal of oxygen from the cells of an organism
2\.

conversion of light energy into the chemical bond energy of organic molecules
3\.

transport of materials within cells and throughout the bodies of multicellular organisms
4\.

changing of stored chemical energy in food molecules to a form usable by organisms

Respiration is a process that releases the stored chemical energy in food and changes it to ATP, the form of energy that organisms use.

Which gas is excreted as a waste product of autotrophic nutrition in maple trees?


1. \

nitrogen
2\.

oxygen
3\.

carbon dioxide
4\.

methane

Oxygen

\
Most autotrophs are green plants, which use photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen, which is released into the air.

Most of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur within the organelle known as the


1. \

lysosome
2\.

nucleus
3\.

mitochondrion
4\.

vacuole

mitochondrion

\
Most of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur within the organelle known as the mitochondrion.

Which two processes are responsible for keeping the percentage of atmospheric oxygen at relatively constant levels?


1. \

circulation and coordination
2\.

respiration and coordination
3\.

respiration and photosynthesis
4\.

photosynthesis and circulation

respiration and photosynthesis

\
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.  Respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.  These processes are responsible for keeping the percentage of atmospheric oxygen at relatively constant levels.

The energy found in ATP molecules synthesized in animal cells comes directly from


1. \

sunlight
2\.

organic molecules
3\.

minerals
4\.

inorganic molecules

organic molecules

\
ATP is the form of energy that the cell uses.  It is formed when organic molecules are broken down during respiration.