Network Protocols and Metrics

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to network protocols, metrics, and applications as per the lecture notes.

Bandwidth

The amount of data moving between points.

Throughput

Bandwidth minus overhead (headers, RTS/CTS).

Latency

How long it takes for data to move end to end.

Jitter

The change in latency; high jitter indicates large changes.

Ethernet

A high bandwidth and low latency networking technology.

Sneakernet

A method of data transfer that uses physical transport, providing high bandwidth but with high latency.

WiFi

A wireless network technology characterized by high bandwidth and high jitter.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol, which guarantees delivery of packets.

UDP

User Datagram Protocol, known for its best effort at delivering packets.

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol, used for single packet communication.

SYN

A flag used in a TCP three-way handshake to initiate a connection.

SYNACK

A response flag in the TCP handshake indicating acknowledgment of SYN.

ACK

Acknowledgment flag in TCP protocols, confirming receipt of data.

FINACK

Flag used in TCP to indicate the end of a session.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, typically using port 80.

HTTPS

Secure version of HTTP, typically using port 443.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol, typically using port 21.

SSH

Secure Shell, typically using port 22.

Telnet

A network protocol for text-based communication, typically using port 23.

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, typically using port 25.

POP3

Post Office Protocol version 3, typically using port 110.

SFTP

Secure File Transfer Protocol, typically using port 115.

DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, using ports 67 and 68.

NTP

Network Time Protocol, using port 123.

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol, using port 69.

Netstat

A command-line tool that displays network connections, routing tables, etc.

Well-known ports

Port range 0 to 1023 reserved for widely used protocols.

Registered ports

Port range 1024 to 49151 for user-defined applications.

Dynamic ports

Port range 49152 to 65535 can be used for private applications.

ASCII Character Hex

Hexadecimal encoding of ASCII characters.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator, specifying the address of a resource on the web.

HTTP Status Code 200

Indicates that everything is okay.

HTTP Status Code 300

Indicates redirection.

HTTP Status Code 400

Indicates client error.

HTTP Status Code 500

Indicates server error.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language used for creating web pages.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheets used for styling web pages.

JavaScript

Programming language used to create dynamic content on web pages.

SQL

Structured Query Language used for managing databases.

SSL/TLS

Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security, protocols for securing communication.