Studied by 12 people
Olfactory nerve (1)
sense of SMELL
Optic nerve (2)
transmitting VISUAL information
Oculomotor nerve (3)
moves the eyeball
Trochlear nerve (4)
innervates the eyelid muscle
Trigeminal nerve (5)
main sensory nerve of the face
Abducens nerve (6)
controls the lateral rectus muscle
Facial nerve (7)
innervates the muscles of facial expression
Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)
hearing and balance
Glossopharyngeal nerve (9)
swallowing, speech, and saliva
Vagus nerve (10)
innervates thoracic and abdominal organs
Accessory nerve (11)
innervates the shoulder muscles
Hypoglossal nerve (12)
supplies the tongue and is important for chewing and speech
Soma/cell body
The part of the neuron that interprets the signal
Nucleus
Stores the genetic material and is the “brain” of the neuron
Axon Hillock
Connects the axon to the cell body
Axon
Sends signals through neurotransmitters
Myelin Sheath
An insulating layer around nerves that is made up of lipids and fats, these conduct impulses faster than axons without it
Dendrites
The part of the neuron that receives a signal
Terminals
They are located at the end of the axon
Nodes of Ranvier
The gaps in between the myelin sheaths
Role of Na+
The ion that rushes into the cell, making it more positive (depolarization)
Role of K+
The ion that flows out during repolarization in attempt to rebalance the charges
Role of Na/K pump
Maintains the resting potential
Role of ATP
The energy used to rebalance the ions (resting potential) and is the energy needed to start the Na/K pump
Polarization
No ions move through voltage-gated channels (1)
Depolarization
The stage at which the mV of a neuron is increasing because Na+ is flowing into the cell (2)
Repolarization
The stage at which the mV of a neuron is decreasing because K+ is flowing out of the cell (3)
Hyperpolarization
Caused by K+ continuing to leave the cell, eventually bringing it back to its resting state(4)
Somatic
Voluntary branch of the nervous system
Autonomic
Involuntary branch of the nervous system
Sympathetic
Fight or flight response
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest response
Afferent
Nerves that travel from PNS to CNS
Efferent
Transmits from CNS out to the rest of the body
Central Nervous System
Brain and Spinal Cord/Column
Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves
Oligodendrocytes produce
MULTIPLE myelin sheaths in the CNS
Schwann Cells produce
ONE myelin sheath in the PNS
Brain Stem
Responsible for basic life support
Cerebrum
Controls higher brain functions, including sensory perception, storing memory, reasoning, and determining intelligence
Frontal Lobe
Responsible for conscious, voluntary thought and attention, processing and making decisions, personality and language (primary motor cortex)
Parietal Lobe
The part of the brain that processes hearing and touch and relays it to the frontal lobe (primary sensory cortex)
Temporal Lobe
The part of the brain that stores memory and processes emotion
Occipital Lobe
The part of the brain that processes vision
Hippocampus
Holds our short-term memory (AKA brain’s librarian)
Cerebellum
The coordination center of the brain that is responsible for controlling movement and posture
Corpus Callosum
The part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres
Thalamus
The brain’s “relay station” where most information from the outside world passes through
Hypothalamus
The part of the brain that controls the endocrine system
Epithalamus
Forms the pineal gland which secretes melatonin, and regulates the day/night cycle
Amygdala
The part of the brain that processes stress and fear (primitive survival response center of the brain)
Ventricles
Cavities in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Outer membranes surrounding the brain
Dorsal Root Ganglion
How impulses from receptors in the PNS and relayed to the spinal cord (this also contains unipolar cell bodies of sensory neurons)
Reflex arc
The nerve pathway which makes a rapid, autonomic response to a stimulus possible
Receptor
Receives stimulation which sends an impulse (in the PNS)
Sensory Nerve
Afferent impulses travel up this to the spinal cord
Interneuron
They send efferent impulses down motor neurons to the effector muscles which causes an action to occur
Motor Nerve
Nerves that control muscle movement
Effector
The muscles/organs that respond to the information received by sensory reception
Dura mater
Thick outer layer that adheres to the inside of the skull
Arachnoid mater
Web-like middle layer spanning fissures of brain; arteries and veins run on top of it
Pia mater
The meninge that is microscopic
Resting membrane potential
-70 mV
Threshold potential
-55 mV
Note 
Flashcard (63)