Octet Rule

Gilbert Lewis (1875-1946)

used octet rule to explain types of ions and molecules are formed by other elements

Octet Rule

chemical rule thumb where each molecule should have 8 electrons in its valence shell

Sub-atomic Particles

1. electron

2. proton

3. neutron

Electron

sub-atomic particles with negative charge

Proton

sub-atomic particle with positive charge

Neutron

sub-atomic particle with no charge

Octet Rule are applicable to:

1. Carbon

2. Nitrogen

3. Oxygen

4. Noble Gas

Atoms have fewer 8 electrons tend to react and form one stable compounds

Two ways to satisfy the Octet Rule

1. By sharing their valence electron with other atom

2. By transferring valence electron from one another

Exception to octet rule

He, Li, and H

Types of Bonding

1. Ionic bond or electrovalent bond

2. Covalent bond or molecular bond

Type of Covalent bond

Single bond, double bond, and triple bond

Single bond

share 1 pair of valence electrons

long bond length

weakest but stable

lowest reactivity

Double bond

share 2 pairs of valence electron

medium bond length

intermediate strength

medium reactivity

less stable

Triple bond

share 3 pairs of valence electron

short bond length but least stable

strongest strength

highest reactivity