History

Day of Mourning/Protests

Day of Mourning/Protests

150th anniversary of Australia Day (26 January 1938, British colonisation). Were going to hold a re-enactment. William Cooper, William Ferguson and John Patten bring Aboriginal people together to protest celebration of invasion, murder, rape and theft. A meeting at Australian Hall of 1000 people. Successful vote for Aboriginal rights in community (full citizen status and equality).

Protection

Policy that segregated Aboriginal people from Australian society, controlling their lives, keeping whites and Aborigines separate, claiming they are protecting a ‘dying race’ by separation.

Assimilation

1937-1967, Federal government policy that expected non-fully Aboriginal people to conform to attitudes, beliefs and customs of white majority, causing stolen generation, high levels of juvenile detention and higher levels of mental health/substance issues. Made mixed Aboriginal people partner with white people to eventually wipe out Aboriginal people.

'Bringing Them Home’ Report

1995 started, 1997 published, Inquiry/report into separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families. It was found that Australia went against its own legal standards and international human rights obligations.

Protection Dates

1869-1937

Assimilation Dates

1937-1967

War Guilt

Germany were to accept the fact they were the sole cause of WWI, they felt it wasn’t their fault as everyone was to blame.

Reparations

Germany were to pay 6600 million in reparations to pay for the war.

Loss of Territories

Germany was to give up 10% of their European land, all overseas colonies, 12.5% of its population, 16% of its coalfields and half of its iron and steel industry.

Military

Restricted to 100,000 soldiers

Re-armament

1933, Rearmed his army by making weapons

Conscription

1935, Started conscripting people to the army.

Rhineland Invasion

March 1936, Hitler sent troops in to the demilitarized zone between Germany and France.

Austria Invasion

March 1938, Anschluss, Austria and Germany were not allowed to unite under Treaty of Versailles, but Hitler invaded them and they did Other countries do nothing.

Sudetenland Invasion

October 1938 Hitler wants to take back the Sudetenland, He believes that because it was taken after WW1 as punishment, it is still part of Germany. Under the treaty he is not allowed. This causes Munich Conference.

Munich Conference

Agreement between Germany, Italy, France and Britain. Hitler promises to stop invading other territories. Czechoslovakia not invited to conference.

Czechoslovakia Invasion

After agreeing not to invade (Munich Conference) Hitler invades rest of Czechoslovakia.

Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

August 1939, Germany and Russia signed Non-Aggression pact. Agreed to never wage war on each over and agreed to share Poland if they invaded. Was significant as Hitler was against communism.

Poland Invasion

Nazi troops invade Poland, start of WWII. UK and allies (inc. Australia) declare war on Germany

Appeasement

Giving Hitler what he wanted in fear that if they didn’t, he would cause war. (Giving him Rhineland, Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia even if it was against the Treaty of Versailles)

Australia's involvement in war

Australia declared war on Germany along with the Allied troops on 3 September 1939

National Security Act

9th September 1939, Gave Australian government powers to pass any laws, including ability to detain those who were a “threat” to national security.

Directorate of Manpower

1942, Laws introduced to enable government to direct both men/women to different labour jobs to aid in war effort.

Censorship

This was used to encourage people to support the war and prevent enemies learning about military strategies by checking all communications between people (radio, letters, newspapers ect.)

Propaganda

Australian government used propaganda to support idea that the war wasn't too bad

'Enemy Alien’ Treatment

Detention of anyone who was of German/Japanese descent, removed from their families.

Contribution of Women and Citizens to War Effort

Women were allowed to join in armed forces in 1940.

Tension with US soldiers

US soldiers would have breaks in Australia, they were paid more and charming towards Australia women, causing tension.

D-Day Landings

6 June 1944 When Allied forces came from Germany and restormed Normandy beaches. Reclaimed northern France. It was significant as it was the beginning of a positive turn for the Allied forces.

Hiroshima Bombing

6th August 1945, Little boy, 70,000 people died instantly

Nagasaki Bombing

9th August 1945, Fat man, 40,000 people died instantly, more powerful, 3 days later

Anti-Semitism

Discrimination towards Jewish people.

Persecution of Jews - March 1933

Boycott of Jewish shops.

Persecution of Jews - April 1933

Jewish people were not allowed to own land.

Persecution of Jews - 1935

Jewish people were excluded from parks, swimming pools, restaurants and public buildings.

Persecution of Jews - 1935 - Relationships

Nuremburg laws - Banned relationships between Jews and non-Jews. Stripped German Jews of their right to vote.

Persecution of Jews - 1938

Jewish people could no longer name their children freely, choose names from approved list. Had to wear Star of David on their clothing at all times. Banned from universities.

Kristallnacht - November 1938

70,00 Jewish shops smashed and looted, synagogues burnt down, 40,000 Jewish people sent to concentration camps.

Final Solution - Aims

Hitler saw Jewish people as "a race, not a religious community", and said Germany's "final objective, however, must be the total removal of all Jews from our midst." Genocide of Jewish community from the world.

Final Solution - Impacts

6.1 million Jewish deaths

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Zyklon B gas chambers, Sonderkommando ect