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For carbon compounds, what is oxidation?
For carbon compounds, oxidation is an increase in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio
For carbon compounds, what is reduction?
For carbon compounds, reduction is a decrease in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio
What can hot copper oxide or acidified dichromate (VI) solutions be used to oxidise?
Hot copper oxide or acidified dichromate (VI) solutions can be used to oxidise;
Primary alcohols to aldehydes and then to carboxylic acids
Secondary alcohols to ketones
What are aldehydes and ketones?
Aldehydes and ketones are molecules containing a carbonyl functional group
What is the carbonyl functional group?
The carbonyl function group is C=O
What is the colour change when hot Copper (II) oxide oxidises something?
The colour change when hot Copper (II) oxide oxidises something is Black → Brown
What is the colour change when acidified dichromate oxidises something?
The colour change when hot Copper (II) oxide oxidises something is Orange → Green
What is the colour change when Fehling’s solution oxidises something?
The colour change when Fehling’s solution oxidises something is Blue → Brick Red
What is the colour change when Tollen’s reagent oxidises something?
The colour change when Tollen’s reagent oxidises something is Clear colourless → Silver mirror
What oxidising agent should you always use?
Youu should always use acidified dichromate (VI)
What is the oxidising pizza?
What can primary alcohols be oxidised to?
Primary alcohol → Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
What can secondary alcohols be oxidised to?
Secondary alcohol → Ketone
What can tertiary alcohols be oxidised to?
Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidised
What type of molecule are many flavour and aroma molecules?
Many flavour and aroma molecules are aldehydes
What happens when food is exposed to oxygen?
When food is exposed to oxygen, oxygen from the air causes the oxidation of food. The oxidation of edible oils gives food a rancid flavour.
Where is the carbonyl group in an aldehyde?
In an aldehyde, the carbonyl group is on the end carbon
Where is the carbonyl group in a ketone?
In an ketone, the carbonyl group is located on a carbon between two other carbons
What is the ending of the name on an aldehyde?
The ending on an aldehyde is -al
What is the ending of the name on a ketone?
The ending on an aldehyde is -one
What are antioxidants?
Anti-oxidants are molecules that prevent unwanted oxidation reactions taking place. They are easily oxidised and oxidise in place of the compounds they have been added to protect.
What is an example of an antioxidant?
An example of an antioxidant is Vitamin C
What takes priority when naming molecules?
When naming molecules, functional groups take priority.
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