Physics 30 - Unit C: Chapter 13.3

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13.3 - Reflection

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19 Terms

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Specular

regular reflection

  • clear reflection in water

<p>regular reflection</p><ul><li><p><em>clear reflection in water</em></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Diffuse

irregular reflection

  • blurry reflection in water

<p>irregular reflection</p><ul><li><p><em>blurry reflection in water</em></p></li></ul><p></p>
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The Law of Reflection

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence and is in the same plane.

  • *angles are always measured towards the normal*

<p>The <em>angle of reflection</em> is <strong><u>equal</u></strong> to the <em>angle of incidence</em> and is in the same plane.</p><ul><li><p><strong><em>*angles are always measured towards the normal</em>*</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Image Formation in a Plane Mirror

Our brains perceive that light rays travel in straight lines

Extending the reflected rays in a straight line, they appear to come from a point that is behind the mirror.

  • These dashed lines represent virtual rays of light, and they form a virtual image.

<p>Our brains perceive that light rays <strong><u>travel in straight lines</u></strong></p><div data-type="horizontalRule"><hr></div><p>Extending the reflected rays in a straight line, they appear to come from a point that is behind the mirror. </p><ul><li><p>These dashed lines represent <strong>virtual rays</strong> of light, and they form a <strong><u>virtual image</u></strong>.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Characteristics of an Image in a Plane Mirror

  • same size as object

  • vertically upright

    • but laterally inverted (flipped!)

  • virtual image

  • image is located same distance from the mirror as the object

<ul><li><p>same size as object</p></li><li><p>vertically upright</p><ul><li><p>but <u>laterally inverted</u> <em>(flipped!)</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p>virtual image</p></li><li><p>image is located same distance from the mirror as the object</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Where can a Real Image be formed at?

A real image can be formed on a diffusely reflecting surface, such as a movie screen.

<p>A <strong>real image</strong> can be formed on a diffusely reflecting surface, such as a movie screen.</p><p></p>
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Magnification

  • same size

  • enlarged (larger)

  • diminished (smaller)

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Image Characteristics

  • Magnification

  • Attitude

  • Position

  • Type

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Attitude

  • Erect (upright)

  • Inverted (downright)

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Position

displacement from mirror surface

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Type

  • real

  • virtual

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Image Formation in a Curved Mirror

a curved mirror can be formed from a hollow sphere

<p>a curved mirror can be formed from a hollow sphere</p>
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Concave Mirrors (Caved In)

Are converging mirrors because they cause reflected light rays to come together.

<p>Are <strong>converging mirrors </strong>because they cause reflected light rays to <strong><u>come together.</u></strong></p>
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Convex Mirrors (Outwards)

Are diverging mirrors because they cause reflected rays to spread out.

  • light rays that are reflected diverge as if they come from a single point behind the mirror.

<p>Are <strong>diverging mirrors</strong> because they cause reflected rays to <strong><u>spread out</u></strong>.</p><ul><li><p>light rays that are reflected <strong>diverge</strong> as if they come from a <em>single point </em>behind the mirror.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Terminology for Ray Diagrams

  • centre of curvature (C)

    • 2 x focal length

  • radius of curvature (r)

    • 2 x focal length

  • vertex (v)

  • principal axis (PA)

  • principal focal point (F)

    • inbetween (v) and (c)

  • focal length (f)

<ul><li><p>centre of curvature <strong>(C)</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>2 x focal length</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p>radius of curvature <strong>(r)</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>2 x focal length</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p>vertex <strong>(v)</strong></p></li><li><p>principal axis <strong>(PA)</strong></p></li><li><p>principal focal point <strong>(F)</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>inbetween (v) and (c)</em></p></li></ul></li><li><p>focal length <strong>(f)</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Drawing Ray Diagrams for Converging Mirrors

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Drawing Ray Diagrams for Diverging Mirrors

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Equations for Curved Mirrors

<p></p>
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Sign Conventions for Use with the Mirror Equation

  • REAL objects and images = positive distances

  • VIRTUAL images = negative distances

  • ERECT objects and images = positive heights

  • INVERTED objects and images = negative heights

  • CONVERGING mirrors have a real focal point

    • focal length is positive

  • DIVERGING mirrors have a virtual focal point

    • focal length is negative

  • All real images (+di) = are inverted (-hi)

  • All virtual images (-di) = are erect (+hi)