AGR 332 IV CATH/FLUIDS & OCULAR EXAM

What are the different eye test?

fluorescein stain, schemer tear tear, tonometer

What does Fluorescein test for?

corneal ulcer & nasolacrimal duct patency

What does schemer tear test for?

amount of tear production -> keratoconjunctivitis sicca

What does the tonometer test for?

intraocular pressure -> glaucoma

What are two vision test?

cotton ball drop & menace

How do you keep a catheter clean?

keep clean, dry, & free of blood clots (flush every 2 hours)
closed administration system
check body temp
change every 3 days (72 hours)
clean injection port w/ alcohol

What are the different catheters?

winged catheter, through the needle, over the needle, central venous

A butterfly catheter is good for?

short term, multiple meds (chemotherapy)

Through the needle is good for?

really sick patients, long term, jugular placement, multi-lumen

Where does through the needle catheter end?

vena cava between 3rd & 4th rid space

What is the over the needle catheter used for?

mom common, peripheral vein catheterization, quick

What are the two types of central venous catheters?

over the guide wire & through the needle

Placement of cranial vena cava (CV)

start jugular end at the 3th or 4th intercostal rid space

Placement of caudal vena cava (PICC)

Starts lateral saphenous end at L6 or L7

What is the test for glaucoma?

tonometer IOP>30mmhg

IV catheter placement for horses?

jugular

IV catheter placement for dogs?

cephalic vein

IV catheter placement for cats?

Medial saphenous

IV catheter placement for rabbits?

medial/lateral auricular vein

IV catheter complications?

phlebitis
sepsis
hematoma
vessel damage
infection
thrombocytosis

Signs of phlebitis

redness
swelling
pain
pitting edema

signs of sepsis

arrhythmias
injected MM
fever
leukocytosis

What is an abrasion of the cornea called?

corneal ulcer

What are the four layers for the cornea

epithelium, storm, descemet membrane, & endothelium

Epithelium -

blocks foreign materials from getting into eye

Stroma -

essential in producing the corneas light conducting transparency

Descemet membrane -

protective barrier against infection & injury

Endothelium -

keeps cornea clear

What is cherry eye?

prolapse of the third eyelid

name for third eyelid

nictitating membrane

treatment for cherry eye?

meds
surgical replacement
surgical removal (last option)

What is KCS?

keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
not producing enough tears
no cure
from hear trauma

What is a cataract?

from diabetes mellitus or trauma
fogging of the lens
vision loss

What is nuclear sclerosis

aging change in dogs
lens clouding
can still see

what is glaucoma

disease of the optic nerve
can prolonged ocular pressure can casue
enlarged eye
displacement of elns
breaks in cornea membrane
vision loss

Different fluids

crystalloids: hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic
colloids

Osmolality less than blood
never give rapidly
more water than electrolytes

crystalloids hypotonic

can dex be given SQ

no

Osmolality approximately equal tp blood
used resuscitation, rehydration, & replacement of ongoing losses
water and electrolytes

crystalloids isotonic

example of isotonic fluids

LRS

Osmolality great than blood
given very slow

hypertonic

example of hypertonic fluids

3% & 7% hypertonic NaCl
hypertonic saline

increased molecular weight suspended in isotonic crystalloid
natural or synthetic
parenteral nutrition

colloids

natural colloids

plasma or albumin solutions

synthetic colloids

hydroxyethyl starch, NaCl injections

shock
given rapidly
restore vascular perfusion & tissue reabsorbtion
is what phase?

resuscitation

Dehydration
replacement of ongoing losses & maintenace
is what phase?

replacement

right eye

OD

left eye

OS

both eyes

OU

feeding intravenously

parenteral nutrition

bright red blood is

arterial & oxygenated

dark red blood is

venous & deoxygenated

KCS

dry eye
no cure
not producing enough tears
life long meds to produce tears
head trauma

Parts of a catheter: flash is in the

chamber

Parts of a catheter: what stops blood from flowing out into the open

cap

Parts of a catheter: what is the guide into the vein

stylet

Parts of a catheter: what stays in the vein

lemun

Parts of a catheter: what should be up before poking patient

bevel

Parts of a catheter: what do you hook the fluids up to

hub

24g -

red

22g

blue

20g

pink

18g

green

16g

gray

14g

orange

Cath 24g

yellow

cath 22g

blue

cath 20g

pink

cath 18g

green

SQ

subcutaneous

IV

intravenous

IM

Intramuscular

PO

per orally

PRN

as needed

NPO

nothing orally