Unit 3-4 APWH 1450-1750

Ottoman, Safavid, Manchu, Mughal

Four major land/gunpowder empires

2 reasons why conflict existed between the gunpowder empires

-Ottoman was Sunni Muslim, Safavid was Shia muslem
- fights broke out over territory- like the Ottoman and Safavid

Imperial

relating to an empire

Monumental architecture

large houses, public buildings and special purpose structures

Tributary System

system of China, network of loose international relations

Describe the system of Devshirme in the Ottoman Empire

requires conquered Christians to give up 20% of their male children to the state

How do rulers use art and architecture to legitimize their rule

As the arcitecture became bigger and better, it was supposedly showing their god like skills to show power and dominance

One example of a piece of art/arcitecture that was used to legitimize rule

The Qing Dynasty used imperial portraits to help them legitimize their rule and establish their Chinese identity

Five tech innovations that helped to increase transoceanic interconnections

-records of wind patterns
- maps of the stars
-Astrolabe
-magnetic compass
-carvel

5 maritime empires that began expanding during the Age of Exploration

-Portugal
-dutch
-Spanish
-England
-France

trading post empire

they were small amounts of land in strategic locations around the African coast and throughout the Indian Ocean. Their goal was to make monopoly over the spice trade and charge all ships coming through

Disease vector

only agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another

Cash crops

tobacco, sugar, cotton (processed in large quantities for profit)

Coerced labor

work completed by force or intimidation from authority

Wheat origin

Spaniards

Grapes origin

West Asia

Potatoes origin

Peru

Maize origin

Americas

Cacao origin

south america

3 diseases spread along Colombian Exchange

-influenza
-measles
-smallpox

3 animals spread along Colombian Exchange

-pigs
-cows
-horses

Impact of European colonization on indigenous American peoples

the European influenced the American people by introducing private ownership over land. They also brought diseases that ended killing a large portion of the native population. Missionaries converted natives causing them to give up or blend their old traditions

Ming China isolationism

Great Wall; for fear of foreign invasion

Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan isolationism

feared subversive potential of Christianity. Ended many commercial contracts with China, Asia and Europe

Hacienda System

keeping people to work on the land they lived on (debt)

Encomienda system

developed an exchange among natives for work in return for protection and education

Difference between indentured servitutde and chattel slavery

indentured slavery was a form of debt bondage. agreed upon by both parties. Chattel slavery was one person having complete ownership over another

2 groups that benefited and grew from European colonization

Portugal
Netherlands/Dutch

Cultural Synthesis

the blending of two or more cultural influences

Syncretism

the combining of different beliefs and ideas

Major principles of mercantilism

the belief that the amount of wealth in the world is relatively static. a country´s wealth could best be judged by the amount of precious metals in their possession. the need to encourage exports over imports

Joint-stock Companies

A business owned by its investors; dominated posision or a sector by one company

Monopoly companies

investors only paid a fraction of the cost for maritime trade and people wanted to share their ideas and beliefs to others

3 major trade items that began circulating as a result of increased transoceanic interconnections

-domesticated animals
-cash/food crops
-guns and powder

How did a larger slave trade impact gender roles in Africa

more African men were used as slaves, as the women began to help control the areas

5 resistances in which indigenous people around the world attempted to resist European colonization

-Pueblo Uprising
-The Pontiac war
-the Kol uprising
-Santhal rebellion
-Aba women revolt

3 commonalities among the resistance movements

-the indigenous were trying to resist capture and slavery
-indigenous vs. whites and Spaniards
-many people died

One empire that was religiously and culturally tolerant to other groups

The Netherlands

One empire that was NOT religiously and culturally tolerant to other groups

The Spanish

Peninsulares

highest officers in the New World

Creoles

White person descended from French or Spanish settlers

Mestizos

People of European and Native American ancestry

Mulattos

mixed white and black ancestry

What groups were at the very bottom of the castas system

-mulattos
-mestizos

Ethnicity of the Qing in China, how did this impact their leadership

Manchu. They were able to conquer and control many parts of China. (Nomadic People)

What political system did Japan have?

Kamakura Shogunate. Power rested with the Shoguns themsleves.

How did feudalism lead to a shift in power dynamics within Europe

Feudalism discouraged unifies governmane, trade and economic growth