unification and constancy laws - perceptual invariances

pragnanz

reality is organized and reduced to simplest form possible

proximity

things that are near each other are grouped together

Similarity

similar things appear to be grouped together

Good continuation

points that when connect, result in a straight or smoothly curving line are perceived as belonging together

closure

objects are perceived even when they are not complete

Symmetry

objects appear to be symmetrical and forming around a center point

Common fate

things moving in the same direction appear as to be grouped

Uniform connectedness

a connected region of visual properties is perceived as a single unit

Meaningfulness

things that form patterns that are familiar tend to

be grouped together

Size constancy

our tendency to perceive an object as the same size regardless of being close or far away

Shape constancy

the shape of the object remains the same regardless of its orientation

Brightness constancy

even tho more light is reflected, the perception of the shade of chromatic and achromatic colors (white, grey, black) remains the same

Optic flow

movement of elements in a scene relative to the observer

Texture gradient

texture appears finer from a distance

Motion parallax

type of depth perception in which objects that are closer appear to move faster

Affordances

the perceived and actual properties of a thing