Anabolism: Formation of Macromolecules

4 Molecules that are the building molecules of macromolecules as well as organelles of the cells

Glucose

Amino Acids

Fatty acids

Glycerol

Building block molecules that make up the various macromolecules come from two possible sources. They can enter the cell from the _______ “______ __ ______”, or they can be ________ through various cellular pathways

outside

ready to use

synthesized

The degree to which can organism can synthesize its own building blocks is determined by its ______ _______

genetic makeup

______ has a central role in metabolism and energy utilization

glucose

Certain structures in the cell depend on an adequate supply of _________

Glucose

It is the major component of the cellulose cell walls of some eukaryotes and of certain storage granules (starch,glycogen)

glucose

One of the intermediaries in glycolysis _________ is used to for glycogen

G6P

_______ from glycolysis is used to form these two sugars (Pepidoglycan and glycosamine)

Fructose-6-P

Essential building blocks in nucleic acids

deoxyribose

ribose

Predominant components of cell surface structures such as capsules and the glycocalyx

polysaccharides

______ are essential components of enzymes, the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and cell appendages

proteins

As a general rule _____ amino acids are needed to make these proteins

20

Although some organisms have pathways that will synthesize all 20 amino acids, others, including animals, lack some or all of the pathways for animo acid synthesis and must aquire the essential ones from their _______

diets

______ and______ are responsible for the hereditary continuity of cells and the overall direction of protein synthesis

DNA

RNA