PYSC Psychological Disorders

PYSC Test 4 P2

Psychopathology

Problematic patterns of thought, feeling and behavior.

Psychopathology leads to

Disrupted functioning at home, work and in the persons social life.

Patters can cause distress in the person or others

Bio-Pyscho-social Perspective

Biological, social cultural and psychological factors produce psychological disorders

Diathesis Stress Model

Diathesis: vulnerability

Previous biological and environmental factors that predispose an individual towards developing a disorder.

Diathesis Stress Model

Stress

Trigger that taxes or exceeds the individual’s personal resource and results in abnormal behavior

Diagnosing Psychopathology

Diagnoses requires meeting specific criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)

Current DSM edition: DSM-5

Inters syndrome: people studying illness often start thinking they have those illnesses.

Mental Well-being in College

Nearly 20% of all American’s meet the critereon for a psychological disorder.

Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problems in college.

Anxiety Disorders

Primary disturbance is distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

Types of Anxiety disorders

GAD, Phobia and Panic disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Constant worry about many issues

Anxiety seriously interferes with functioning.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Physical symptoms:

exhaustion, difficulty concentrating, hyperventilation, irritability

Phobia

Intense irrational fear

It is no phobic to simply be anxious about something.

Specific Phobias

Fear of specific object or situation

Animals (snakes)

Substances(blood)

Situations(heights)

Coulrophobia: fear of clowns

Social anxiety disorder

fear of failing or being embarrassed in public

public speaking: stage fright

Fear of crowds/ strangers

People fear public speaking more than they fear dying.

Panic Disorder

Characterized by frequent panic attacks

Helpless terror, high physiological arousal

very frightening

sufferers live in fear of having them.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Obsessions

Irrational, disturbing thoughts that intrude into consciousness.

e.g: germs, symmetry, toxins.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Compulsions

repetitive actions preformed to alleviate obsessions

e.g: checking, washing rituals

Involuntary Musical imagery

Ear-worm

Song stuck in your head

a subtype of obsession

92% of people report having one at least once a week.

Can be annoying and stressful

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event.

PTSD symptoms

re-experiencing

avoidance

hyperarousal

Diagnostic Categories of DSM-V

Mood disorders:

Major depression

Chronic depressive disorder

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Bipolar disorders

Major Depression symptoms

changes in sleep

random outbursts of sadness or anger

suicidal ideation

frequent thoughts about death or suicide

intense despair and sadness

loss of interest/enjoyment in activities

Lethargy/tiredness

changes in eating

difficulty concentrating

Chronic Depressive disorder

less severe, but long lasting depression

lasts for at least 2 years

Can have major depression and chronic depression at the same time.

Seasonal Affective disorder (SAD)

season related severe depression

Seasonal Affective disorder (SAD)

Symptoms

Intense hunger

gain weight in winter

sleep more than usual

depressed more in evening than morning.

Bipolar disorder I

mania and severe depression

manic episodes can last longer than 6 days or are severe enough to require hospitalization

Bipolar disorder I

Depressive symptoms

Gloomy

withdrawn

inability to make decisions

Tired

slowness of thought

Bipolar disorder I

Manic symptoms

Elation

Euphoria

desire for action

hyperactive

multiple ideas

Bipolar Disorder II

Hypomania(milder version of mania)

milder version of mania

Severe depression

Cyclothymia: hypomania and minor depression

Somatic Symptom disorders

Functional neurological disorder

Physical symptoms with no physical expaination

Somatization Disorder

Repeated varying symptoms with no physical cause, often many years duration

Illness anxiety disorder

The preoccupation that one has a serious undiagnosed disease

Dissociative disorders

Psychogenic Amnesia

Total or partial loss of information about the self

Usually triggered by a traumatic experience

Depersonalization Disorder

Feelings of unreality

Mind leaves body

Limbs go numb and doesn’t feel like it belongs to you

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

formerly called multiple personality disorder

numerous personalities

DID controversy

Not really distinct personalities

Schizophrenia

A group of severe disorders characterized by:

problems thinking and speaking

disrupted perceptions

inappropriate emotions and actions

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Problems thinking and speaking

delusions of perception

paranoia

delusions of grandeur

Thinking of self as extremely important: e.g view self as god

Delusions of being controlled: the CIA is controlling my brain

Disorganized speech:word salad of loosely associated phrases

Over-inclusion: jumping from idea to idea with out the benefit of logical association

Paralogic: on the surface, seems logical, but seriously flawed. e.g: Jesus was a man with a beard, I am a man with a beard, therefore I am jesus.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Disturbed perception:

Hallucinations:

sensing things that aren’t there

also be auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, or gustatory

Command Hallucinations: voices giving orders

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

Behavior is inappropriate for the situation e.g: wearing sweatshirts or coats on hot day’s

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

Flat Affect

No emotion at all in face or speech.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

Inappropriate Affect

Laughing at very serious things and crying at very funny things.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Inappropriate Emotions and Actions

Catatonic Behavior

Unresponsiveness to environment, usually marked by immobility for extended periods.

Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Presence of problematic behaviors

Hallucinations

Delusions

Problems thinking and speaking

Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia

Absence of Healthy behaviors

Flat affect

No feelings or enjoyment

poor motivation and initiative

Speaking and moving less

Personality disorders

Disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that inhibits social functioning

Usually includes anxiety, depressions or delusions

Personality disorders

Narcissistic

Exaggerated ideas of self importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance

Personality disorders

Borderline

Affective Instability, impulsive and reckless behavior, recurrent manipulative suicidal behaviors, impaired ability to form stable interpersonal relationships.

Personality disorders

Dyssocial Personality Disorder

Shameless Disregard for and violation of people’s rights

Developmental Psychopathology

Addresses the origins and course of individual maladaptation in the context of normal growth

Must be familiar with normal development

What is normal for one age may be problematic at another.

ex: tantrums in 2 year old vs tantrums in a 12 year old.

Insanity defense

requires people to either

Not know what they were doing at time of the crime or Not know what they were doing was wrong

Less then 1% of criminal cases use defense successfully.

Some states have adopted an optional plea/ verdict of Guilty but mentally ill. Defendant can be sentenced but they will be placed in a mental institution instead of a prison. Remains in custody until time is served.