PL_LESSON 2: JESUS CHRIST AS THE GOOD TEACHER

EUDAEMONISM

Experience that we find in the responses of the disciples whom Jesus invited to follow Him as fishers of men

EUDAEMONISM

Whatever, therefore, helps to achieve temporal well-being and success is morally right

EUDAEMONISM

The aim is to maximize personal gratification and happiness, through pleasure, comfort and good material living standards

John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham

advocated this UTILITARIANISM

UTILITARIANISM

The greatest happiness of the greatest number

UTILITARIANISM

Every action is judged in relation to this end

John Stuart Mill

emphasizes the quality of the good achieved in the end

Jeremy Bentham

emphasizes the quantity of those who will benefit from the achieved good

ETHICS OF SELF-PERFECTION, SELF-ACTUALIZATION OR SELF-REALIZATION

The ultimate purpose of human life is to realize one's true self and authentic personality

ETHICS OF SELF-PERFECTION, SELF-ACTUALIZATION OR SELF-REALIZATION

This verges on individualism, tending to devalue the world and others, while emphasizing one's own development.

ETHICS OF SELF-PERFECTION, SELF-ACTUALIZATION OR SELF-REALIZATION

Man's purpose is to grow, even exuberantly and rankly, realizing as many potentialities as possible, having as many wonderful experiences as possible

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

Superman and His will to power

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

it is man’s internal drive for greatness and creativity

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

For centuries, it has been suppressed by Christianity

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

The Death of God will liberate others

MARTIN HEIDEGGER

Da-sein

Da-sein

 term used by Heidegger to refer to being which understands its own being.

Da-sein

is a conscious being, and is the kind of consciousness which belongs to human beings

PRINCIPLES OF KANTIAN ETHICS

“An act must be done from obligation in order to have moral worth.”

PRINCIPLES OF KANTIAN ETHICS

“An action’s moral value is due to the maxim from which it is performed, rather than to its success in realizing some desired end or purpose.”

PRINCIPLES OF KANTIAN ETHICS

“Obligation is the necessity of an action performed from respect for law.”

“Good Will”

 the intention or the choice that impels a person to do what is right because it is right through reason

Right Actions

are those actions done in accordance with “DUTY”

Duty

action mandated by the Moral Law. Doing the things you are permitted by the Categorical Imperative

Categorical Imperative

 a moral test for rightness of an act

Categorical Imperative

the supreme principle or moral law.

Categorical Imperative

Human beings are imperfect creatures and hence need rules imposed upon These rules enjoin us to do or not to do something thus we conceive them as necessitating our action

RELATIVISM

It denies the existence of a universal human nature ans universal moral norms, binding on all persons at all times. 

RELATIVISM

Even where a particular moral stance is considered valid in the majority of cases, "conscience" or feelings may permit exceptions to the "norm"

EMOTIVISM

It is the doctrine that all evaluative judgements and more specifically all moral judgements are nothing but expressions of preference, expressions of attitude or feeling, insofar as they are moral or evaluative in character

SUBJECTIVISM

It holds that moral judgements are equivalent to statements about the psychological states or attitudes of those who utter them

JOSEPH FLETCHER

SITUATION ETHICS

Situational approach

is the only appropriate response to real ethical dilemmas

Situational approach

values individual freedom, puts people first and acknowledges the genuine diversity of circumstances

Situational approach

All situations are always relative

SOCIAL DARWINISM

The human being is a result of natural selection and evolutionary genetic mutation.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

Man has progressed because of the survival of the fittest.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

Therefore, to support the weak and less able is to threaten the evolutionary process.

SOCIAL DARWINISM

It easily leads to racism -less favored races who have not evolved so successfully as others (e.g, Aryans), should be discouraged from breeding.