A type of hemolysis that occurs within the blood vessel.
Intravascular
A type of hemolysis where RBCs are destroyed outside the blood vessels and removed by spleen.
Extravascular
A type of Extrinsic defect which does not involve the antibodies.
Non - Immune
A type of extrinsic defect that occurs due to the presence of antibodies attacking the RBCs.
Immune
It is a normocytic, normochromic anemia, and all are acquired disorders that causes an accelerated RBC destruction with reticulocytosis.
Extrinsic Immune Defects
It is a normocytic, normochromic anemia, and all are acquired disorders that cause an intravascular hemolysis with schistocytes.
Extrinsic Non - Immune Defects
Most commonly encountered autoimmune hemolytic anemia, wherein RBCs are coated with IgG/complement causing membrane loss and spherocytes. Antibodies will also react at 37C.
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia or WAIHA
What are the possible antibodies of WAIHA?
IgG, IgA, IgM
True or False: WAIHA is neither idiopathic or secondary.
False
RBCs are coated by IgM and complement. It is secondary to M. pneumoniae*,* infectious mononucleosis, and other viral infections.
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia or Cold Agglutinin Disease
What antibody is present in CAD?
anti - I
It is most commonly seen in young children after a viral respiratory infection. This disorder is caused by IgG biphasic Donath - Landsteiner Antibody with Anti - P.
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria
What is the positive result for Donath - Landsteiner Test?
Hemolysis
In Biphasic, the anti - P will __ complement to RBC in the cold or less than 20C (answer fix or lyse)
Fix
In Biphasic, RBC will __ when warmed at 37C (answer fix or lyse)
Lyse
It is where the recipient has IgM antibodies against the donor cells.
Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
This occurs within minutes to hours and common cause is ABO incompatibility.
Acute HTR
This occurs days to weeks, and common cause is alloantibodies against Duffy and Kidd blood group.
Delayed HTR
It occurs when an IgG alloantibody produced by the mother crosses the placenta and binds to fetal RBCs.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
What are the other blood groups that causes hemolytic disease of the newborn?
K, c, Fy^3
What is the common cause of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?
ABO incompatibility
It is a formation of blood clots that block the blood vessels, giving them a small spaces.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia or MAHA
It is a deficiency of the enzyme ADAMSTS13.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
An enzyme that prevents spontaneous platelet activation and clot formation and break down UlvWF.
ADAMSTS13
A bacterial infection caused by E. coli and Shigella among children.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome or HUS
It occurs in pregnant women, particularly with eclampsia. This disorder is a hemolysis/hemolytic anemia.
HELLP Syndrome
What does HELLP Syndrome stands for?
Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes Low Platelet count Syndrome
It occurs when there is a larger space within blood vessels.
Macroangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
It occurs after the body has forceful contact with hard surfaces like marathon runners and tennis players.
March Hemoglobinuria or Exercise - Induced Hemoglobinuria
Complete the following (Answer if mechanical trauma, infectious agents, and thermal burns)
[ Format: 1.) thermal burns; 2.) mechanical trauma; 3.) infectious agents ]
1.) mechanical trauma; 2.) infectious agents; 3.) thermal burns
Enumerate the other causes of macroangiopathic anemia:
(Format: mmmm tttt, iiii aaaa, dddd and cccc, vvvv, tttt bbbb)
Mechanical trauma, infectious agents, drugs and chemicals, venoms, thermal burns