Ch. 14 Tensions Rising

nativists

Americans and others who opposed immigration.

middle class

a social and economic level between the wealthy and the poor

Transcendentalism

the belief that people could rise above material objects

Henry David Thoreau

a person who believed and wrote about transcendentalism

Emily Dickinson

an American writer who wrote poems that were published after her death

Temperance Movement

a reform effort that urged people to use self-disciple to stop drinking hard liquor

Why was the Temperance Movement started?

to stop alcohol abuse

Horace Mann

a leader of the common-school movement

the common-school movement

people who wanted all children taught in a common place regardless of background

abolition

the complete end to slavery

Sojourner Truth

a former slave that helped with the abolitionist movement and the women’s right movement

Harriet Tubman

The most famous and daring conductor of the Underground Railroad, she freed many slaves

Fredrick Douglas

had speaking tours about his experiences as a slave, wrote an autobiography, an abolitionist paper, and got black soldier to fight in the Civil War

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Formed the Seneca Falls Convention which fought for women’s rights

Susan B. Anthony

Fought for women’s rights and equal job opportunities

Second Great Awakening

a Christian renewal movement in 1790s-early 1800s that started in New York.

Prison reform

helped with getting the mentally ill out of prisons, overcrowding, and cruelty

Who was an important leader in the Second Great Awakening?

Charles Grandison Finney

What was the Underground Railroad?

a way for slaves to escape slavery through a system of house until they got to the north

What caused a lot of Irish immigrants in America?

the potato blight/famine

What kind of workers did immigrants become?

factory workers/unskilled laborers

Why did Germans come to America?

economic opportunities and freedom

What kind of workers were German immigrants?

skilled laborers ex. tailers, seamstresses, artisans

How did immigration effect American workers?

it took away work from Americans

Know-Nothing Party

supported measures that made it very difficult for foreigners o become citizen or hold office

How did the influx in immigration change cities?

The population in cities grew rapidly

What problems were caused by cities growing rapidl?

overcrowdedness, sanitation issues (cholera), lack of police and firefighters

What did the lack of police an firefighters cause?

an increase of fires and crime

Thomas Gallaudet

Founded the first free school in America for the hearing impaired

Nathaniel Hawthorne

wrote the Scarlet Letter, a novel about Puritan life in the 1600s

Herman Melville

an American writer

Walt Whitman

an American poet who believed in transcendentalism