european exploration

renaissance

cultural and intellectual movement in Europe from the 14th to 17 century characterized by revival of classical learning, art, and humanism

humanism

emphasized the study of classical text and the value of human protection and achievements

political and social change in the renassiance

rise of city states and decline of feudalism

overview of renaissance

transition from the middle ages to modernity

reformation

16th century religious movement that led to the establishment of protestantism and challenge the authority of the Catholic Church

Martin Luther

german monk whose writings and actions sparked the reformation. he argued that salvation comes through faith alone, and that the Bible should be the soul authority and matters of faith.

John Calvin

A French theologian who became a leading figure in the reformation particularly in geneva. his teachings emphasize predestination and the sovereignty of God.

Henry VIII

The king of England, who imitated the english reformation breaking away from the Catholic Church to formed the church of England, primarily for political reasons

calvinism

associated with John Calvin, focusing on the sovereignty of God and predestination

Zheng He

chinas greatest explorer

Economic motivations for the start of european exploration

demand for Asian spices silk in other goods had increased significantly in Europe, European monarchs and merchants sought to find direct sea routes to Asia to bypass these intermediaries and reduce costs

Lutheranism

founded by Martin Luther, emphasizing justification by faith in the authority of scripture

political and social change of the reformation

30 years war and the rise of nation states that were less reliant on the papacy

cultural shifts of reformation

translation of the Bible into vernacular languages

absolutism

The acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters

Scientific Revolution

Mark the emergence of modern science, it involves significant developments in mathematics physics, astronomy biology, and chemistry leading to a transformation and suicidal views about nature

Christopher Columbus

most famous European explorer in history, was responsible for the so-called discovery of the Americas when he and his crew set foot in the Bahamas and met with indigenous Americans in 1492

Ferdinand Magellan

A native of Sabrosa, the Portuguese adventure began his historic voyage in 1519 with support from King Charles I of the kingdom of Spain

Marco Polo

a Venetian merchant and adventurer, travelled along the silk road from europe to asia between 1271 and 1295

portugal

One of the first to explore the Atlantic and established trade routes to Asia

spain

Led to the discovery of the Americas and establishment of Spanish colonies

france

exploration efforts included voyages by Jacques Cartier and other explorers who mapped the north american continent

netherlands

The Dutch played a significant role in expiration, particularly in the Atlantic and the pacific

england

Sir Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh were prominent figures in english exploration, particularly in the Atlantic and North America

start of european exploration

new trade routes, wealth and knowledge

political and religious factors of the start of European exploration

The fragmentation of the Mongol empire in the control of trade roots by Ottoman Turks and venetians, plus a desire to spread christianity

technological advancements of the start of European exploration

technological innovations, such as the compass Astro lobe and improve ship designs like the Carville enabled explorers to navigate more effectively and venture further into uncharted waters