HIM chpt 8

cervic/o

cervix

colp/o

vagina

endometri/o

endometrium

episi/o

vulva

gynec/o

woman, female reproductive organs

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o

uterus

mamm/o

breast

mast/o

breast

metr/o

uterus

oophor/o

ovary

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

Fallopian tube

trachel/o

cervix

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

leuk/o

white

my/o

muscle

olig/o

scanty, few

py/o

pus

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

endo-

within

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-al

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cleisis

surgical closure

-ectomy

surgical removal

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-ic

pertaining to

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repair

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-salpinx

Fallopian tube

-tomy

cut into, incision

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

Irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy; menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia are some types of AUB

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into muscular portion of the uterus

Bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina; usually causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side, which may become infected, resulting in a Bartholin abscess

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

endometrial cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue, benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts; thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens. If untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina, involving the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs. An ascending infection may result in infertility and, in acute cases, fatal septicemia

polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

condition typically characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts; symptoms include irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair, and infertility. People with this condition have increased risks pf cardiovascular disease, obesity, and glucose intolerance

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

a severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and, in severe cases, shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons; caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

uterine fimbroid

benign tumor of the uterine muscle (also called myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)

uterovaginal prolapse

Dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles; the uterus moves downward into and is sometimes visible outside the vagina

vaginal fistula

abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the urinary bladder, colon, or rectum

episiorrhaphy

suturing of (a tear in) the vulva

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele (protrusion of the bladder against the anterior wall of the vagina) and a rectocele (protrusion of the rectum against the posterior wall of the vagina)

conization

surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer. (also called a cone biopsy)

dilation and curettage (D&C)

surgical procedure to widen the cervix and remove contents from the uterus using a curette, an instrument for scraping or suctioning; the procedure can be diagnostic or therapeutic

endometrial ablation

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

myomectomy

excision of a uterine fibroid (myoma)

tubal ligation

surgical closure of the fallopian tubes for sterilization; tubes may be cut and tied (ligated), cut and cauterized, or closed off with a clip, clamp, ring, or band. (also called tubal sterilization and female surgical sterilization)

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

placement of metal coils or small gelatin beads into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth; performed by an interventional radiologist (also called uterine fimbroid embolization when used to treat uterine fimbroids)

sentinel lymph node biopsy

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes, the first axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If the nodes closest to the cancer are negative, additional nodes are not removed

stereotactic breast biopsy

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility

CA-125 test

blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete. elevated amounts of CA-125 in the blood may indicate ovarian cancer

HPV test

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect high-risk forms of HPV that can cause abnormal cervical cells and cervical cancer; used for cervical cancer screenings

Pap test

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal and cancerous cells; primarily used for cervical cancer screening (also called a Papanicolaou test; formerly called a Pap smear)

anovulation

failure of the ovary to release an egg

dyspareunia

difficult or painful intercourse

fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

oligoovulation

infrequent release of an egg

contraception

intentional prevention of conception (pregnancy); may also be referred to as birth control (BC)

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

menarche

beginning of menstruation (specifically, onset of the first menstrual period)

menopause

cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years; may be induced at an earlier age surgically (bilateral oophorectomy) or medically (side effect of chemotherapy treatment)

HSG

hysterosalpingography

SHG

sonohysterography

GYN

gynecology

LAVH

laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

TAH

total abdominal hysterectomy

BSO

bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

TLH

total laparoscopic hysterectomy

VH

vaginal hysterectomy

Graafian follicles and immature ovum

ovaries are primarily made up of

metr/i

uterus

areola

the dark area at the center of the breast

men/o

menses

-ial

pertaining to

endometritis

inflammation of the uterine lining

endometriosis

growth of endometrial tissue in various parts of the pelvic cavity

culdocentesis

a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the rectouterine pouch

mastoptosis

sagging breasts

myoma

benign uterine tumor

myometrium

middle layer of the uterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus