Chapter 7 philosophy

1. Epictetus believed that the good man should live according to nature.

a. True

b. False

True

2. Epicurus was a hedonist.

a. True

b. False

True

3. Epicurus was concerned with "sober thinking"

a. True

b. False

True

4. Bentham was a utilitarian

a. True

b. False

True

5. Aquinas defended the principle of double effect.

a. True

b. False

True

6. Donald Levy believes that sexual acts that cannot result in reproduction are wrong.

a. True

b. False

False

7. Carol Gilligan believed that moral development for a woman was marked by progress towards more adequate ways of caring for herself and others.

a. True

b. False

True

8. Nel Noddings' book Caring agrees with Kant that caring for others must be based on a firm sense of moral obligations and not on feelings.

a. True

b. False

False

9. Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics.

a. True

b. False

True

10. If morality is based on God's commands, then everything that God commands is right.

a. True

b. False

True

11. If you believe that what is right or wrong for a person is dictated by her culture you reject the view that morality has a rational basis

a. True

b. False

True

12. The Buddhist concern with stopping suffering means that Buddhism is a form of utilitarianism.

a. True

b. False

False

13. Ethics is the study of

a. Morality

b. Religion

c. Metaphysics

d. Efficacy

a. Morality

14. A theory that measures the morality of an action by its consequences is a

a. Deontological theory

b. Pragmatic theory

c. Prudential theory

d. Consequentialist theory

d. consequentialist theory

15. The view that only pleasure is worth having for its own sake is

a. Hedonism

b. Consequentialism

c. Egoism

d. Deontology

a. hedonism

16. Richard Taylor isa. An act utilitarian

b. A rule utilitarian

c. An act deontologist

d. A rule deontologist

a. a rule utilitarian

17. Epictetus was a(n)

a. Stoic

b. Aristotelian

c. Epicurean

d. Platonist

a. stoic

18. Who developed the categorical imperative?

a. Mill

b. Aristotle

c. Aquinas.

d. Kant

d. kant

19. Basic to the doctrines of Buddhism are the

a. Five Noble Truths

b. Four Noble Truths

c. Three Noble Commands

d. Six Noble Commands

b. four noble truths

20. Aristotle endorsed:

a. Deontological ethics

b. Virtue ethics

c. Consequentialist ethics

d. Divine command ethics

b. virtue ethics

21. Nel Noddings argues that

a. Care is superior to principles

b. Love is superior to rights

c. Duties are superior to caring

d. Ethics is culturally relative

a. care is superior to principles

22. What view holds that different societies or cultures have different moralities?

a. descriptive relativism

b. ethical relativism

c. rule utilitarianism

d. ethical absolutism

a. descriptive relativism

23. Which of the following philosophers was a hedonist?

a. Harry Browne

b. Plato

c. Epicurus

d. James Rachels

c. Eqicurus

24. The utilitarian ethics of Bentham and Mill is a version of

a. deontological ethics.

b. consequentialist ethics.

c. divine command theory.

d. virtue ethics.

b. consequebtialist ethics

25. Which one of the following was not included in Bentham's hedonistic calculus?

a. Intensity: How strong is the pleasure?

b. Duration: How long will the pleasure last?

c. Value: Is the pleasure a lower, physical pleasure or a higher, intellectual pleasure?

d. Extent: How many people will be affected?

c. Value: Is the pleasure a lower, physical pleasure or a higher, intellectual pleasure?

26. Christian Divine Command theory is a(n) ____ ethical theory.

a. consequentialist

b. Non consequentialist

c. deontological

d. utilitarian

b. non consequentialist

27. What philosopher wrote: "The business of the wise and good man is to live conform to nature"?

a. Zeno

b. Epictetus

c. Epicurus

d. Plato

b. epictetus

28. The ethical view that holds that humans should live according to nature is called

a. natural law ethics

b. deontological ethics.

c. virtue ethics.

d. consequentialist ethics.

a. natural law ethics

29. What philosopher argues that sexual activities are unnatural and immoral when they deny a basic good without necessity and do so for the sake of sexual pleasure?

a. John Finnis

b. James Rachel

c. Donald Levy

d. Jeremy Bentham

c. Donald Levy

30. Immanuel Kant said that the only thing in the world that has absolute, unqualified moral value is

a. God.

b. a good will.

c. the trait of moderation.

d. happiness.

b. a good will

31. The second version of the categorical imperative enjoins us to

a. treat people as an end and never as a means only.

b. decides if the consequences of your action would make people happy.

c. ask yourself if you would want everyone to follow your example.

d. think about how you would feel if people knew what you did.

a. treat people as an end and never as a means only

32. The psychologist Carol Gilligan argued that

a. all children employ the same ethical principles.

b. children whose parents had more education had higher levels of moral development.

c. women tend to approach ethics differently from men.

d. women tend to approach ethics by focusing on being impartial.

c. women tend to approach ethics differently from men

33. What philosopher argues that killing an adult human being is wrong because it deprives one of a fundamental good: one's own future life with all its experiences, activities, projects, and enjoyments?

a. Jane English

b. Richard Hare

c. Immanual Kant

d. Don Marquis

d. Don Marquis

34. What is the human problem that Buddhism is concerned with?

a. Angst.

b. Suffering.

c. Injustice.

d. Fortitude.

b. suffering

35. ____________________ ____________________ denies the existence of a single, universally applicable moral standard.

ethical relativism

36. A consequentialist theory measures the morality of an action by its ____________________ consequences.

non moral

37. Bentham developed a(n) ____________________ calculus.

Hedonistic

38. John Finnis endorses ____________________ ____________________ ethics.

natural law

39. ____________________ is allowing someone or something else to decide the moral principles that one will follow.

heteronomy

40. Kant's categorical imperative states that we should do something only if we are willing to have the maxim governing our action become ____________________ ____________________.

universal law

41. Aristotle wrote that human beings can be happy only if they fulfill their basic human ____________________.

purpose function

42. Aristotle argued that true ____________________ is based on two people's mutual recognition of the goodness of the other.

friendship

43. Carol Gilligan criticized the model of stages of moral development developed by ____________________.

Kohlberg

44. According to Buddha, morality is "washed all around" with ______.

wisdom

45. Don Marquis's argument is an argument from ______.

analogy