Art History 21 - Final Study Guide

Number 1 is….

Skellig Michael, Ireland

Number 2 is….

Durham, England

Number 3 is….

Paris, France

Number 4 is….

Aachen, Germany

Number 5 is….

Santiago de Compostela

Number 6 is….

Cordoba, Spain

Number 7 is….

Ravenna, Italy

Number 8 is….

Rome, Italy

Number 9 is….

Sicily

Number 10 is….

Constantinople/Istanbul, Türkiye

Number 11 is….

Jerusalem

Name: Church of Santa Sabina

Date: Early Christian 200-450

Location: Rome

Patron: N/A

Significance: Has a basilica plan, flat and rectangular roof, supported by pillars

Name: Empress Theodora and her Attendants

Date: Early Byzantine 300-800

Location: Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

Patron: Justinian

Significance: Flat, 2d, same height of people

Name: Hagia Sophia

Date: Early Byzantine 300-800

Location: Constantinople

Patron: Justinian

Architects: Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus

Significance: Has a transitional feel, from a physical to a spiritual realm. Centrally planned building and dome supported by triangular pendentives

Name: Chi Rho Iota page from the Book of Kells

Date: Insular 450-650

Location: British Isles

Patron: N/A

Significance: Helped spread Christianity by relying on the images of interlace and zoomorphic art.

Name: Mosque of Cordoba

Date: Umayyad 650-750

Location: Cordoba, Spain

Patron: Abd al-Rahman I

Significance: Has hypostyle halls (interior space whose roof rests on pillars) and Visigothic horseshoe arches, and displays Islamic Spain’s power.

Name: Lindau Gospels

Date: Carolingian 750-900

Location: Austria??

Patron: N/A

Significance: Has a triumphant Christ on the cross. Plus the jewels show the work of filigree (__ornamental__ work of fine (typically gold or silver) wire formed into delicate tracery) and repousse ((of __metalwork__) __hammered__ into relief from the reverse side).

Name: Beatus of Liébana *Illustrated Commentary on the Apocalypse* “Christ Appearing in the Clouds”

Date: Romanesque 1000-1150

Location: Santo Domingo, Silos

Makers: Munnio and Dominico

Significance: Shows the 2nd coming of Christ. Has local color (flat color) and isocephaly (same height of people)

Name: Plan of the Abbey of Cluny

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Cluny, France

Patron: N/A

Significance: Depicts a basilica-like plaln. Has a double transept and radiating chapels. The largest church until St. Peters.

Name: Christ in Majesty

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: St. Pierre, Moissac, France

Patron: N/A

Significance: On a tympanum (the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch) and displays a hieratic scale (scale based on relative importance).

Name: Dancing Prophet/Jeremiah

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France

Patron:

Significance: On a trumeau (a section of wall or a __pillar__ between two openings, especially a pillar __dividing__ a large __doorway__ in a church) and shows the rise in statues (especially life sized) in churches.

Name: Cloister Capitals

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France

Patron:

Significance: Top left - Daniel in the Lion’s Den and Bottom Left - The Heavenly Jerusalem shown. Depicts how capitals are all different and tell stories of the bible so the illiterate can convert.

Name: Cistercian “Bernardine” Plan of an ideal monastery

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: N/A

Patron: St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Significance: There is little to no decoration in the building’s plan.

Name: Fontenay Abbey Church

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Burgundy, France

Patron: St. Bernard of Clairvaux

Significance: No decoration in order for there to be no temptation to be lazy in viewing decorations. Thick pillars.

Name: Virgin and Child

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Made in France moved to The Cloisters, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City

Patron: N/A

Significance: Sedes sapientiae/Throne of Wisdom (presents Mary as the bearer of God via her role as the mother of Christ, transforming Mary into an actual throne for Christ). Mary is stiff as she is the throne and Jesus looks older to encapsulate wisdom.

Name: Basilica of Saint-Sernin

Date: Romanesque 1000-1150

Location: Toulouse, France

Architect: Eugène Viollet-le-Duc

Significance: Elevation: Two levels: Nave arcade and the Gallery. Has Round arches, Barrel vault, Transverse arch, and a Bay unit

Name: Sainte-Foy Tympanum

Date: Romanesque, c. 1000-1150

Location: Conques, France

Patron: N/A

Significance: Shows the last judgment that Christ presides over. The left shows heavenly good, while the right shows damnation of souls.

Name: Durham Cathedral

Date: Norman Romanesque, c. 1066- c. 1170

Location: Durham, England

Patron: Bishop William of Calais (from Normandy)

Significance: A transverse arch and two nave arches for each bay.

Name: Bayeux Tapestry

Date: Norman Romanesque, c. 1066- c. 1170

Location: Westminster Abbey, England

Patron: N/A

Significance: Depicts the events leading up to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, led by William, Duke of Normandy challenging Harold II, King of England, and culminating in the Battle of Hastings.

Name: Raised Throne of Roger II

Date: Norman Romanesque, c. 1066- c. 1170

Location: Cappella Palatina Palermo (Palatine Chapel), Sicily

Patron:

Significance: Shows Christ and 2 apostles over the throne, showcasing their approval of the ruler.

Name: Tree of Jesse window

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Abbey Church of Saint-Denis (near Paris), France

Patron:

Significance:

Name: Royal Portal

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Notre-Dame de Chartres, France,

Patron:

Significance:

Name: St. Lubinus Window

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Window of the Trades, Chartres Cathedral

Patron: N/A

Significance: Most complete set of stained glass windows that still exists from medieval cathedrals. Has amplificatio, amplifies something by its repetition. Much color.

Name: Notre-Dame de Chartres - South Transept \\n Portal - Martyr’s portal

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Chartres, France

Patron: N/A

Significance: Has Saint Theodore, Saint Stephen, Pope Clement, and Saint Lawrence depicted. Life sized.

Name: Sainte-Chapelle

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Paris, France

Patron: N/A

Significance: Walls are made up of stained glass. Has many pointed arches.

Name: St. Maurice

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Cathedral of Saints Maurice and Catherine in Magdeburg, Germany

Patron: N/A

Significance: Having a previously white European saint be suddenly portrayed as a black African. This continued and is acknowledged in a positive light. A martyr, a saint and chivalrous warrior who has his own Roman holiday.

Name: The Hereford World Map, “Mappa Mundi”

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: England

Patron:

Significance: T-O Map (Medieval geography divided the world into three schematic parts: Asia, Europe, and Africa. Asia was depicted on top as the birthplace of Christ and the original site of the Garden of Eden).

Name: Fox from Hugh of Fouilloy and William of Conches Bestiary

Date: Gothic 1140-1450

Location: Getty

Patron: N/A

Significance: The bestiary describes the fox as the devil, who pretends to be dead to those not committed to Christ. The unfaithful learn his true nature only when it is too late, and the devil already has them within his jaws. The moral? The devil is truly dead only to those with an unconditional commitment to God.

Name: “Lady World”

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Worms Cathedral South Portal

Patron: N/A

Significance: Might have come from Konrad von Würtzburg (the chief German poet), in “The World’s Reward” (Folktales Told by Five Scandinavian Storytellers)??

Name: Scrovegni Arena Chapel

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Padua, Italy

Painter: Giotto

Significance: Paintings do not follow the gospel to the exact. Instead focuses on telling stories of Mary and Christ as a family.

Name: *Crucifixion*

Date: Gothic 1140-1450

Location: Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy

Painter: Giotto

Significance: Very naturalistic, no idealization or elongation, just precise clothing, real facial features and forms that one could connect with in real life. The foreground is then separated into two, with mourners to the left and soldiers the right. Mary Magdalene, one of his followers, would kneel by his side, in desperate sadness.

Name: *Lamentation*

Date: 1140-1450

Location: Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy

Painter: Giotto

Significance: Depicts the lamentation over Christ's dead body as a model for the viewer's own contemplation and empathy. The figures lifting Christ's shroud, Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, stand out in their contemporary attire, offering a bridge to the viewer's own time.

Name: Maestà

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Duomo di Siena (Siena Cathedral in Siena, Italy)

Painter: Duccio di Buoninsegna

Significance: Compressed within the compass of an altarpiece is the equivalent of an entire programme for the fresco painting of a church

Name: A mon seul desir (To my only desire)

Date: Gothic, c. 1140-1450

Location: Musée national du Moyen-Âge—Thermes de Cluny (Paris) / National Museum of the Middle Ages—Thermes de Cluny (Paris)

Patron: N/A

Significance: Symmetrical-like, we are seen as a viewer. One tall woman and the other short, to show importance. The Lady is seen placing her jeweled necklace into a jewel box, and it is believed to represent the refusal of temptation, as well as the self-denial of the five senses detailed in the other works in the series

This is an example of….

Local Color:

the natural color of an object in ordinary daylight (aka the base color)

This is an example of….

Isocephaly:

having the heads of the figures in a composition brought to the same level

This is an example of a….

Benedictine:

officially the Order of Saint Benedict, are a monastic religious order of the Catholic Church following the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also sometimes called the **Black Monks**.

This is an example of a….

Cenobitic:

form of monasticism based on “life in common” (Greek koinobion), characterized by strict discipline, regular worship, and manual work

This is an example of an….

Eremitic:

one who retires from society, primarily for religious reasons, and lives in solitude

This is an example of a….

Radiating chapel:

projecting chapels arranged radially around the ambulatory of a semicircular or polygonal liturgical east end

This is an example of a….

Cloister:

a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth

This is an example of a….

Tympanum:

the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch.

This is an example of an….

Archivolt:

a band of __molding__, __resembling__ an __architrave__, around the lower curve of an arch.

This is an example of a….

Jamb:

a vertical element of a doorway or window frame

This is an example of a….

Trumeau:

a section of wall or a __pillar__ between two openings, especially a pillar __dividing__ a large __doorway__ in a church.

This is an example of a….

Cistercian:

Cistercian churches were built on a Romanesque plan that embellished, with vaulting and a multiplication of parts, that of the Early Christian basilica (longitudinal with side aisles, a raised nave, or centre aisle, and an apse, or semicircular projection of the wall, at the eastern, sanctuary end of the nave). No decoration.

This is an example of a….

Franciscan:

a group of related mendicant Christian religious orders within the Catholic Church

This is an example of a….

Mendicant:

member of any of several Roman Catholic religious orders who assumes a vow of poverty and supports himself or herself by work and charitable contributions (a beggar)

This is an example of an….

Ascetic:

abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals

This is an example of an….

Aesthetic:

concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty

This is an example of a….

Sedes Sapientiae/Throne of Wisdom:

presents Mary as the bearer of God via her role as the mother of Christ, transforming Mary into an actual throne for Christ

This is an example of….

Elevation:

a geometric projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon

This is an example of a….

Bay:

any division of a building between vertical lines or planes, especially the entire space included between two adjacent supports; thus, the space between two columns, or pilasters, or from pier to pier in a church, including that part of the vaulting or ceiling between them

This is an example of a….

Transverse arch:

Supporting arch which runs across the vault from side to side, dividing the bays. it usually projects down from the surface of the vault

This is an example of a….

Rib vault:

a skeleton of arches or ribs on which masonry can be laid to form a ceiling or roof

This is an example of a….

Barrel vault:

a series of arches placed one after another to create a tunnel

This is an example of a….

Flying buttress:

consisting of an inclined bar carried on a half arch that extends (“flies”) from the upper part of a wall to a pier some distance away and carries the thrust of a roof or vault.

This is an example of a….??

Continuous narrative:

a type of narrative that illustrates multiple scenes of a narrative within a single frame

This is an example of a….??

Sequential narrative:

juxtaposed images bound by meaningful connections. Convey a continuous event sequence, typically to tell a story,

This is an example of a….

Fresco:

a mural painting technique that involves painting with water-based paint directly onto wet plaster so that the paint becomes an integral part of the plaster. (on the wall)

This is an example of a….

Giornata:

an art term, originating from an Italian word which means "a day's work." The term is used in Buon fresco mural painting and describes how much painting can be done in a single day of work.

This is an example of a….

Psalter:

a copy of the __biblical__ Psalms

This is an example of a….

Bestiary:

a descriptive or __anecdotal__ __treatise__ on various real or mythical kinds of animals, especially a medieval work with a __moralizing__ tone.

This is an example of a….

T-O map:

Medieval geography divided the world into three schematic parts: Asia, Europe, and Africa. Asia was depicted on top as the birthplace of Christ and the original site of the Garden of Eden.

This is an example of a….

Relic:

a body part or object associated with a religious figure

This is an example of a….

Reliquary:

a container for relics

This is an example of….

Varietas:

difference, diversity, variety. providing variances among the same or similar things/objects

This is an example of a….??

Value modeling:

the technique of creating the illusion of three-dimensionality by the use of gradations of value (shading)????

Know Themes

Cultural Exchange

Continuity and Change

Representations of Power

etc.??