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Chemistry - CIE
Principles of Chemistry IGCSE Edexcel (States of Matter Pt. 1.1-1.4)
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Chemistry
Chemistry - CIE
IGCSE
Edexcel
Chemistry
Gcse
flashcards
10th
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24 Terms
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Three states of matter
Solids, liquids and gases
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Arrangement of solids
Regular arrangement and vibrate in fixed positions
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Arrangement of gases
Random arrangement and move quickly in all directions
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Interconversion of state
- A physical change involving changes in forces between particles of a substance
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Evaporation
- Occurs at surface of liquids
- High energy particles escape
- Occurs over a range of temperatures
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Boiling
- Requires heat energy (which is transformed into kinetic energy)
- Occurs at a specific temperature unique to each pure liquid
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Melting
- Requires heat energy (which is transformed into kinetic energy)
- Occurs at a specific temperature unique to each pure solid
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Freezing
- Reverse of melting
- Happens at the exacts same temperature as melting
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Condensation
- Gas to liquid
- Particles lose energy and group together instead of bouncing away when they bump into each other
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Solvent
Liquid in which solute dissolves
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Solute
Substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
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Saturated solution
A solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent
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Element
A substance made up from only one type of atom
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Compound
A substance made from two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
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Mixture
Two or more elements or compounds physically combined together
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Simple distillation
Separating a solvent from a solution
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Fractional distillation
Separating a liquid from a mixture of liquids
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Paper chromatography
Separating mixtures of soluble substances (Eg. Inks)
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Rf value
Distance travelled by solute / solvent front
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Proton
- relative mass is 1
- relative charge is +1
- found in nucleus
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Neutron
- relative mass is 1
- relative charge is 0
. Found in nucleus
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Electron
- relative mass is almost 0
- charge is -1
- found in shells
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An Isotope
- same element
- same number of protons
- different number of neutrons
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Relative atomic mass
(Mass of isotope 1 x % of isotope)+(mass of isotope 2 x % of isotope 2)+(mass of isotope 3 x % of isotope 3)ect.
All divided by 100
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