Studied by 2 people
Three states of matter
Solids, liquids and gases
Arrangement of solids
Regular arrangement and vibrate in fixed positions
Arrangement of gases
Random arrangement and move quickly in all directions
Interconversion of state
A physical change involving changes in forces between particles of a substance
Evaporation
Occurs at surface of liquids
High energy particles escape
Occurs over a range of temperatures
Boiling
Requires heat energy (which is transformed into kinetic energy)
Occurs at a specific temperature unique to each pure liquid
Melting
Requires heat energy (which is transformed into kinetic energy)
Occurs at a specific temperature unique to each pure solid
Freezing
Reverse of melting
Happens at the exacts same temperature as melting
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Particles lose energy and group together instead of bouncing away when they bump into each other
Solvent
Liquid in which solute dissolves
Solute
Substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
Saturated solution
A solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent
Element
A substance made up from only one type of atom
Compound
A substance made from two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
Mixture
Two or more elements or compounds physically combined together
Simple distillation
Separating a solvent from a solution
Fractional distillation
Separating a liquid from a mixture of liquids
Paper chromatography
Separating mixtures of soluble substances (Eg. Inks)
Rf value
Distance travelled by solute / solvent front
Proton
relative mass is 1
relative charge is +1
found in nucleus
Neutron
relative mass is 1
relative charge is 0 . Found in nucleus
Electron
relative mass is almost 0
charge is -1
found in shells
An Isotope
same element
same number of protons
different number of neutrons
Relative atomic mass
(Mass of isotope 1 x % of isotope)+(mass of isotope 2 x % of isotope 2)+(mass of isotope 3 x % of isotope 3)ect. All divided by 100
Note 
Flashcard (50)