Introduction to Globalization - Vocabulary Flashcards (GE2406 Handout 1)

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from globalization, education, and healthcare as presented in the handout.

Globalization

Worldwide interconnection and interdependence of nations, communities, and economies, including political interdependence, technical progress, cultural exchange, and economic integration.

Economic Integration

Movement of capital, technology, products, and services across borders, leading to global supply networks, multinational firms, and international trade agreements.

Cultural Exchange

Sharing of beliefs, customs, and ideas across cultures, exposing people to diverse languages, music, art, and cuisines.

Technological Advancements

Rapid progress in communication (e.g., Internet, social media) and transportation (e.g., air travel, shipping) that drive globalization.

Political Interdependence

Creation of international organizations and agreements to address shared issues like trade, terrorism, and climate change.

Human Capital Development

Education and skill development that enable individuals to participate effectively in the global economy.

Language Proficiency

Ability to speak and understand multiple languages, improving intercultural communication and teamwork.

Global Citizenship Education

Education that fosters empathy, social responsibility, critical thinking, and engagement in global issues.

Research and Innovation

Education-driven advancement in science and technology, with universities as centers of new ideas and tools.

Internationalization of Education

Increased cross-border mobility of students and researchers, international collaboration, and transnational education.

Inequality in Education

Disparities in educational opportunities and outcomes within and between countries amplified by globalization.

Cultural Homogenization

Erosion of local cultures and identities due to dominant global cultures and standardized curricula.

Standardization vs Localization

Balancing global benchmarks with adaptation to local contexts and needs.

Digital Divide

Gap between those with access to digital technologies and those without, affecting learning opportunities.

Skill Mismatch

Disparity between skills taught in schools and skills demanded by the labor market.

Privatization and Commercialization of Education

Growth of for-profit schools, testing firms, and edtech providers; concern that profit motive may affect learning quality and equity.

Brain Drain

Movement of highly educated people across borders, potentially weakening skill supply in home countries.

Language Barriers

Challenges in multilingual contexts, with dominant languages sometimes marginalizing minority languages.

Inadequate Funding (Education)

Insufficient financial resources leading to overcrowded classes, limited resources, and poor teacher pay/training.

Outdated Curricula

Curricula emphasizing memorization over critical thinking and 21st-century skills.

Unequal Access to Education

Gaps in opportunities to learn between rural and urban areas and among marginalized groups.

Quality of Instruction

Variation in teaching quality due to equipment shortages, teacher shortages, and limited professional development.

No Child Left Behind

Policy referenced in the notes as an approach linked to mass promotion and debates about educational quality.

Increase Funding (Education)

Recommendation to prioritize education in budgets to improve infrastructure, teaching quality, and outcomes.

Curricular Reform

Updating curricula to reflect 21st-century skills, digital literacy, creativity, and relevance to students.

Equitable Access to Education

Policies and programs to improve infrastructure, scholarships, and support for underserved communities.

Philippines National Education Crisis

Systemic issues hindering high-quality education in the Philippines, including underfunding, outdated curricula, and unequal access.

Access to Medical Technologies

Greater availability of medical advances and devices through globalization, improving diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Health Tourism and Cross-Border Healthcare

Patients traveling abroad for medical care; growth of specialized facilities serving international patients.

Health Inequalities and Global Health Governance

Disparities in health outcomes and the need for coordinated global governance to address cross-border health threats.

Cross-Border Health Issues

Health challenges that cross national borders, such as pandemics and antibiotic resistance.

Ethical Considerations and Health Equity

Issues of justice, human rights, affordability, and universal health coverage in a globalized health system.

Telemedicine

Delivery of medical care remotely via telecommunications and digital platforms.