Psychology- Sigmund Freud

psychodynamic approach

psychodynamic approach

behavior is triggered by INNER and UNCONSCIOUS forces beyond our awareness

psychoanalytical theory

Freud's theory that UNCONSCIOUS FORCES act as determinants of personality

unconsious

part of the personality that contains MEMORIES, KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, FEELINGS, URGES, DRIVES and INSTINCTS of which we are NOT AWARE

Preconscious

in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily RETRIEVABLE to consciousness

id

-INSTINCTUAL and UNORGANIZED part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce tension created by PRIMITIVE drives related to hunger, sex, aggression, and IRRATIONAL impulses --PLEASURE principle

ego

-the rational, logical part of personality that attempts to balance the desires of the id and the realities of the objective, outside world --REALITY principle -- constraints/negotiates the demands of superego and id

superego

-the part of personality that harshly judges the morality of our behavior

• morality principle -controls the impulses of the id -includes the conscience

psychosexual stages

developmental periods that children pass through during which they encounter conflicts between the demands of society and their own sexual urges

• 5 stages (ORAL, ANAL, PHALLIC, LATENCY, GENITAL)

fixation

conflicts or concerns that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur

oral stage

Freud's first stage of psychosexual development from age 12-18 months during which pleasure is CENTERED IN the MOUTH

• fixation in this stage can produce an adult unusually interested in oral activities such as eating, talking, smoking,

anal stage

-from age 12-18 months to 3 years in which a child's pleasure is CENTERED ON THE ANUS -can result in unusual rigidity, orderliness, punctuality or extreme disorderliness/sloppiness in adulthood

phallic stage

a period beginning around age 3 during which a child's PLEASURE FOCUSES on the GENITALS

oedipal conflict

a child's intense, SEXUAL INTEREST in his or her OPPOSITE-SEX PARENT -if something goes wrong in this stage one effect is failure to develop a conscience

identification

the process of wanting to be like another person as much as possible, IMITATING that person's behavior and adopting similar beliefs and values

latency period

the period between the phallic stage and puberty during which children's SEXUAL CONCERNS are temporarily PUT ASIDE

genital stage

the period from puberty until death, marked by MATURE SEXUAL BEHVAIOR

defense mechanisms

UNCONSCIOUS strategies that people use to REDUCE ANXIETY by DISTORTING REALITY and CONCEALING the source of the ANXIETY from themselves

repression

the defense mechanism in which the ego pushes unacceptable or unpleasant thoughts and impulses out of consciousness but maintains them in the unconscious -ex being unable to consciously remember a tragic childhood event

regression

A REVERSION to IMMATURE patterns of behavior.

• ex. an adult having a temper tantrum

displacement

psychoanalytic defense mechanism that SHIFTS sexual or aggressive IMPULSES toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger TOWARD A SAFER OUTLET -ex. yelling at your sister because you had a bad day or got a bad grade

rationalizing

JUSTIFYING one's actions with an excuse instead of accepting the actual reason

• ex. a girlfriend justifying her boyfriend hitting/screaming at her saying it's because they love her

denial

REFUSING to believe or even perceive PAINFUL REALITIES -ex. not accepting the death of someone

projection

people attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else -ex. someone who is cheating and feels guilty accuses their partner of cheating on them

sublimation

people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities

• ex person with anger and aggression becomes a soldier

reaction formation

unconscious impulses are expressed as their OPPOSITE in consciousness

• ex a mother who unconsciously resents her child acts in a overly loving way toward them

neo-Freudian psychoanalysts

psychoanalysts who were trained in traditional Freudian theory but who later rejected some of its major points -placed more emphasis on the ego and paid greater attention to society and culture on peraonality

collective unconscious

according to Carl Jung, an inherited set of ideas, feelings, images and symbols that are shared with all humans because of our common ancestral past

archetypes

according to Jung, universal symbolic representations of particular types of people, objects, ideas, or experiences

Alfred adler

proposed that humans strive for superiority while some develop and inferiority complex

Paychologists define _____ as a persons unique long term pattern of thinking, emotions and behavior.

Personality