coasts key idea 1a.

key idea 1a

marine inputs

• waves

• tides

• currents

terrestrial inputs

• river sediment

• weathering

• biological contributions (material from coastal vegetation)

atmospheric inputs

• wind

• precipitation (affects river discharge + sediment delivery)

• temperature

human inputs

• coastal engineering (groynes, seawalls, etc)

• land use change (e.g urbanisation)

• pollution

erosional processes

• hydraulic action

• abrasion

• attrition

• solution

depositional processes

• sediment transport

• longshore drift (transport of sediment along the coast by wave action)

• deposition

weathering processes

• mechanical (physical breakdown of rocks)

• chemical (breakdown via chemical reactions)

• biological (breakdown via biological activity e.g. plant roots)

mass movement processes

• slumping (downward movement of saturated soils/sediment)

• landslides

• creep (slow downhill movement of soil)

output: sediment deposition

• beaches

• spits and bars

• dunes

output: erosional landforms

• cliffs and wave-cut platforms

• caves, arches, stacks and stumps

outputs: transported sediments

• offshore bars

• deltas

outputs: loss of land

• coastal retreat (inland movement of coastline due to erosion + sea level rise)