what did they do for African Americans

seperationist

a person who advocates for the separation of African Americans from white society, often promoting distinct institutions or communities

integrationist

a person advocating for the inclusion and equal participation of African Americans in society, particularly in schools, workplaces, and public life

booker t washington

SOCIAL	ECONOMIC	POLITICAL
he set up the Tuskegee Institute (1881) modelled on Freedmen’s Bureau became a model for education linked to vocational training for black students	gained financial support of white benefactors (e.g. Andrew Cornegie)  set up National Urban League to help black workers adjustto industrial urban life Tuskegee Institute trained on skills 1900 Negro Business League (meant progress)	was a respected leader (the only black leader to dine with Roosevelt and Queen Victoria)- synthesis Fredrick Douglas and Lincoln gives funding to NAACP (secretly)

w. e. b. du bois

SOCIAL	ECONOMIC	POLITICAL
believed in the Elite 10% NAACP does do a lot of anti-lynching campaign		helped organise the Niagra Conference (1905) that pledged militant pursuit of civil rights helped to fund NAACP organising civil rights (1909) challenge court (plessy v ferguson)

ida b wells

SOCIAL	ECONOMIC	POLITICAL
really unhappy with Du Bois’ and the elite North of a classist view had the Memphis Free Speech found to really criticise anti-lynching	Chicago Settlements set up based on Jane Adams’ Hull House (aid to immigrants) she did the same for African Americans	a found member of NAACP 1909 (but gets discredited for being a woman) founded NACW (1896) 1883 Conflict When she was drugged out of a white train first class carriage where she then bit the conductor's hand following this she sued again 1884 winning $500 but in 1887 Tennessee SC decided in favour of train company anti-lynching articles earned her the nickname ‘Princess of the Press’ newspapers showing her anger; Memphis Free Speech nominated delegate of Garvey’s UNIA to the Paris Peace Conference 1917

ida b wells and du bois are both integrationists

Marcus Garvey

SOCIAL	ECONOMIC	POLITICAL
communicated with KKK talks 1922 - seen as a race traitor promoted black nationalism and self-reliance by the Pan-Africa movement coined ‘Black Power’ that impacted next generation of black leaders (1960s)	set up UNIA 1914 to encourage blacks for salvation through own efforts i.e. black owned factories,hotels, printing presses ‘Black Star’ shipping line set up shows economic growth but soon financially fails	didn’t care about rights really was a seperationist; ‘back to Africa’ movement