Geog of Korea part 2

Central Place Theory Model

It suggests that settlements are arranged in a hexagonal pattern to efficiently serve consumers, with larger cities offering specialized goods and services that require a larger market area.

Andong Hahoe Folk Village

is a traditional village in South Korea known for its well-preserved historic architecture and cultural heritage, illustrating rural settlement patterns.

Rural Area Type Farming

Agglomerated Settlement

Rural Area Type Fishing

Around Harbor

Rural Area Type: Mountain

Dry-Field, stock farming and forestry

Percent of urbanization of Korea

90%

Slow City Movement

returning to the farm

Japanese occupation

Growth on coast and manufacturing town

1950 urban development

Immigration from North Korea, overpopulation, slums

1960 urban development

Urbanization in Seoul/Busan by Economic Development Policy

1970 urban development

More urban than ruraal population, larger provincial cities, export oriented cities

Provincial Cities (1970)

Kwangju, Daejon

Export Oriented cities

(Pohand, Ulsan, Changwon)

1980 Urban Develpment

Growth of satellite cities, suburbanization, urban rural integration cities

Satellite Cities

Seongnam, Ansan, Goyang

Example of high urban hierarchy

Seoul

Example of low urban hierarchy

Donghae

Who created Central Place Theory

Walter Christaller

When was Central Place Theory created

1933

What shape does the central place theory model use

overlapping hexagons

What is at the center of each hexagonal market area

central place

Size of market area is proportional to

number of goods and services offered from the place

Primate City

Seoul. high population, growth of satellite cities around seoul

Classic Monocentric Model

High density center, people move from outside in

Urban Village Model

People live next to their place of employment, walk/cycle to work, exists only in the mind of planners, not real

Polycentric Model

No dominant center, amenities distriuted evenly, random people movement

Composite Model

Dominant center, some subcenters, both radial and random movement

Regional Differentiation

Urban area’s regional specialization due to the growth and functional diversification

Concentric Zone Model (Burgess 1925)

Concentric Circle City Model, Central Business District → factory→low class residential→med class residential → high class residential → commuter zone

Sector Model (Hoyt 1939)

Multiple-Nuclei Model (Harris and Ullman 1945)

Metropolitan Peripheral Model

Revised Multple Nuclei model with a surrounding beltway and peripheral areas

Central Business District (CBD)

A single point at which the maximum possible interchange could be achieved

Central City

the principal core of a larger urban area

urbanized area

A continuously built-up landscape defined by population densities with no reference to political boundaries

Suburban

Beyond a city border

Metropolitan Area

Suburban and urban area coimbined

Urban Dichotomy

Separated rural and urban (see photo)

Urban Continuum

Several steps between urban and rural

Mega City Population 

10 million or more

Metropolis

1 million or more

Influenced Zone of Central City

Lack of urban landscape, but affected by central city in the context of transportation and land use

Rural Hinterland

•Maximum distance for commuting

•Commercial horticulture

Adams Model

describes urban growth

Adams Model stage a

Walking and horsecar era

Adams Model stage B

Electric Streetcar Era Adds suburb towns and railways, reshapes CBD

Adams Model Stage C

Recreational Auto Era, Adds roads and suburban area

Adams Model Stage D

Freeway Era Adds main roads and more suburbs

Adams Model Stage E

Adds highways, additional centers

United States Development Walking – Horse car Era 

-1888

US Development Electric streetcar era

1888-1920

US Development Recreational Auto Era

1920-1945

US Development Freeway era

1945 onward

Urban Sprawl from Seoul goes to

Gyungi-Do and Incheon

Seoul Urban Spawl era

1980 and on

Spatial changes in seoul metropolitan

large scale apartments, agriculture to shopping and logistics, agitourism and rec

Poverty Regions in Seoul

South east of city center

Urban planning and development are important to mitigate

flooding, low birth rate, high prices, high crime, traffic,