module 60-61 ; unit 2 ౨ৎ

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ap psych

Psychology

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38 Terms

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personality

the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors - characteristics of a person and consistent over time and in different situations

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psychoanalysis

( Freud ) personality that attributes thoughts + actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

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sigmund freud

created psychoanalysis / analytic perspective - conscious thoughts / motives would directly correlate to ones conscious actions

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free association

a common tense of psychoanalysis - allows clients to speak on their own

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ego

“executive conscious”, “reality principle”

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id

pleasure principle - aggressive drives

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superego

standards , internalized ideas

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unconscious

( Freud ) represents thoughts, desire, & urges - actively repressed from consciousness and that affect metal activity outside - active awareness

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Freud’s psychosexual stages theory

theories revolved around childhood development and the focus of id on libido (sexual desire)

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fixation

an obsessive drive that may or may not act on involving an object, concept, or person

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defense mechanism

unconscious processes which protect people from painful feelings such as anxiety, guilt, and shame ; to enable the the organism to survive a traumatic experience

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repression

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

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regression

return of the ego of an earlier stage of development

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reaction formation

when someone expresses an exaggerated, opposite version of how they really feel

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projection

when someone attributes his/her feelings to another group / person

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rationalization

when someone decides to come up with a seemingly logical explanation to justify an event and avoid the truth

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displacement

when someone is taking negative emotions + focusing them on a different, safer target

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collective unconscious

set of shared beliefs, ideas, & moral attributes which operate w a unifying force w/in society

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anima vs. animus

animus ; women’s rational function

anima ; men’s irrational function

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alfred adler

“father of humanistic psychology” - believed individual processes innate positive motives and strive towards personal and social perfection

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karen horney

neo-freudian psychologist known for theory of neurotic needs, feminine psychology & critiques on freud’s penis envy emphasis

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carl jung ( archetype )

an archetype is a symbol, dream, or image that all humans share, which express underlying fears / ideas we all experience

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collective unconscious (cj)

(carl jung) passed down through a species, inherited universal concepts that we all share as humans

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compensation

type of defensive mechanism in which people overachieve in one area to compensate for failures in another

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inferiority complex

consistent feeling of inadequacy, often resulting in the belief that one is in some way deficient, or inferior, to others

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overcompensation

when people overachieve in one area to makeup shortcomings in another aspect of life

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persona

the personality that an individual projects to others, as differentiated from the authentic self

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personal unconscious

contains painful / threatening memories & thoughts the person doesn’t want to confront

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projection tests

seek to reveal unconscious thoughts through ambiguous images

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thematic apperception test

type of projective test involving describing ambiguous scenes to learn more about one’s emotions, motivations, & personality

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rorschach inkblot test

protective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what they see in 10 inkblots

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reliability & validity in testing

validity ; how well a test measures what it’s designed to measure

reliability ; how consistent and stable ur research results are and how well they can be replicated by others

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terror management theory

describes the conflict between the desire to continue living & knowledge that death is inevitable

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humanistic perspective

the view of someone as a whole rather than the view of a singular aspect of themself

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maslow’s self - actualization

desire for self-fulfillment / a person’s tendency to be actualized in what the are potentially

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carl rogers

believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization, they much be in a state of congruence

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unconditional positive regard

a client-centered technique in the therapist communicates positive feelings & acceptance to the client, regardless of what they do / say

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ideal - self vs reality - self

ideal ; an image of a person someone wants to be

reality ; who they truly are