the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors - characteristics of a person and consistent over time and in different situations
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psychoanalysis
( Freud ) personality that attributes thoughts + actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
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sigmund freud
created psychoanalysis / analytic perspective - conscious thoughts / motives would directly correlate to ones conscious actions
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free association
a common tense of psychoanalysis - allows clients to speak on their own
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ego
“executive conscious”, “reality principle”
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id
pleasure principle - aggressive drives
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superego
standards , internalized ideas
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unconscious
( Freud ) represents thoughts, desire, & urges - actively repressed from consciousness and that affect metal activity outside - active awareness
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Freud’s psychosexual stages theory
theories revolved around childhood development and the focus of id on libido (sexual desire)
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fixation
an obsessive drive that may or may not act on involving an object, concept, or person
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defense mechanism
unconscious processes which protect people from painful feelings such as anxiety, guilt, and shame ; to enable the the organism to survive a traumatic experience
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repression
basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
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regression
return of the ego of an earlier stage of development
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reaction formation
when someone expresses an exaggerated, opposite version of how they really feel
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projection
when someone attributes his/her feelings to another group / person
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rationalization
when someone decides to come up with a seemingly logical explanation to justify an event and avoid the truth
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displacement
when someone is taking negative emotions + focusing them on a different, safer target
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collective unconscious
set of shared beliefs, ideas, & moral attributes which operate w a unifying force w/in society
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anima vs. animus
animus ; women’s rational function
anima ; men’s irrational function
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alfred adler
“father of humanistic psychology” - believed individual processes innate positive motives and strive towards personal and social perfection
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karen horney
neo-freudian psychologist known for theory of neurotic needs, feminine psychology & critiques on freud’s penis envy emphasis
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carl jung ( archetype )
an archetype is a symbol, dream, or image that all humans share, which express underlying fears / ideas we all experience
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collective unconscious (cj)
(carl jung) passed down through a species, inherited universal concepts that we all share as humans
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compensation
type of defensive mechanism in which people overachieve in one area to compensate for failures in another
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inferiority complex
consistent feeling of inadequacy, often resulting in the belief that one is in some way deficient, or inferior, to others
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overcompensation
when people overachieve in one area to makeup shortcomings in another aspect of life
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persona
the personality that an individual projects to others, as differentiated from the authentic self
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personal unconscious
contains painful / threatening memories & thoughts the person doesn’t want to confront
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projection tests
seek to reveal unconscious thoughts through ambiguous images
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thematic apperception test
type of projective test involving describing ambiguous scenes to learn more about one’s emotions, motivations, & personality
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rorschach inkblot test
protective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what they see in 10 inkblots
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reliability & validity in testing
validity ; how well a test measures what it’s designed to measure
reliability ; how consistent and stable ur research results are and how well they can be replicated by others
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terror management theory
describes the conflict between the desire to continue living & knowledge that death is inevitable
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humanistic perspective
the view of someone as a whole rather than the view of a singular aspect of themself
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maslow’s self - actualization
desire for self-fulfillment / a person’s tendency to be actualized in what the are potentially
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carl rogers
believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization, they much be in a state of congruence
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unconditional positive regard
a client-centered technique in the therapist communicates positive feelings & acceptance to the client, regardless of what they do / say
Studied by 5 people
