module 60-61 ; unit 2 ౨ৎ

ap psych

personality

the set of thoughts, feelings, traits, and behaviors - characteristics of a person and consistent over time and in different situations

psychoanalysis

( Freud ) personality that attributes thoughts + actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

sigmund freud

created psychoanalysis / analytic perspective - conscious thoughts / motives would directly correlate to ones conscious actions

free association

a common tense of psychoanalysis - allows clients to speak on their own

ego

“executive conscious”, “reality principle”

id

pleasure principle - aggressive drives

superego

standards , internalized ideas

unconscious

( Freud ) represents thoughts, desire, & urges - actively repressed from consciousness and that affect metal activity outside - active awareness

Freud’s psychosexual stages theory

theories revolved around childhood development and the focus of id on libido (sexual desire)

fixation

an obsessive drive that may or may not act on involving an object, concept, or person

defense mechanism

unconscious processes which protect people from painful feelings such as anxiety, guilt, and shame ; to enable the the organism to survive a traumatic experience

repression

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories

regression

return of the ego of an earlier stage of development

reaction formation

when someone expresses an exaggerated, opposite version of how they really feel

projection

when someone attributes his/her feelings to another group / person

rationalization

when someone decides to come up with a seemingly logical explanation to justify an event and avoid the truth

displacement

when someone is taking negative emotions + focusing them on a different, safer target

collective unconscious

set of shared beliefs, ideas, & moral attributes which operate w a unifying force w/in society

anima vs. animus

animus ; women’s rational function

anima ; men’s irrational function

alfred adler

“father of humanistic psychology” - believed individual processes innate positive motives and strive towards personal and social perfection

karen horney

neo-freudian psychologist known for theory of neurotic needs, feminine psychology & critiques on freud’s penis envy emphasis

carl jung ( archetype )

an archetype is a symbol, dream, or image that all humans share, which express underlying fears / ideas we all experience

collective unconscious (cj)

(carl jung) passed down through a species, inherited universal concepts that we all share as humans

compensation

type of defensive mechanism in which people overachieve in one area to compensate for failures in another

inferiority complex

consistent feeling of inadequacy, often resulting in the belief that one is in some way deficient, or inferior, to others

overcompensation

when people overachieve in one area to makeup shortcomings in another aspect of life

persona

the personality that an individual projects to others, as differentiated from the authentic self

personal unconscious

contains painful / threatening memories & thoughts the person doesn’t want to confront

projection tests

seek to reveal unconscious thoughts through ambiguous images

thematic apperception test

type of projective test involving describing ambiguous scenes to learn more about one’s emotions, motivations, & personality

rorschach inkblot test

protective method of psychological testing in which a person is asked to describe what they see in 10 inkblots

reliability & validity in testing

validity ; how well a test measures what it’s designed to measure

reliability ; how consistent and stable ur research results are and how well they can be replicated by others

terror management theory

describes the conflict between the desire to continue living & knowledge that death is inevitable

humanistic perspective

the view of someone as a whole rather than the view of a singular aspect of themself

maslow’s self - actualization

desire for self-fulfillment / a person’s tendency to be actualized in what the are potentially

carl rogers

believed that for a person to achieve self-actualization, they much be in a state of congruence

unconditional positive regard

a client-centered technique in the therapist communicates positive feelings & acceptance to the client, regardless of what they do / say

ideal - self vs reality - self

ideal ; an image of a person someone wants to be

reality ; who they truly are