Bio Chapter 3

Lactose intolerance is the inability to

digest lactose

Which of the following contains a carboxyl and an amino group?

amino acid

Which of the following functional groups is capable of regulating gene expression?

\-CH3

Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?

monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis is false?

animal digestive systems utilize this process to break down food

The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by

hydrolysis

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

to speed up chemical reactions

The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of

CH2O

A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a/an

polysaccharide

Sucrose is formed

from two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

cellulose, starch, and glycogen

Cellulose differs from starch in that

most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms

The storage form of carbohydrates is ___ in animals and __ in plants

glycogen; starch

Organic compounds

always contain carbon

A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because

most animal facts are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fat

What feature of fats make them hydrophobic?

Fats have non-polar hydrocarbon chains

Fatty acids are

hydrophobic

Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?

triglycerides are hydrophilic

Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be

unsaturated

If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that

is liquid at room temperature

Which of the following statements about animal cell lipids is false?

many lipids function as enzymes

A phospholipid is composed of

one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids

Which of the following statements regarding carbon is false?

carbon has the ability to bond with up to six other atoms

A major type of lipid found in cell membranes is

phospholipids

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

the chemical properties of their R groups

Proteins differ from one another because

the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain differs from protein to protein

Glucose molecules are to starch as ___ are to proteins

amino acids

Peptide bonds

link amino acids

Which of the following statements about enzymes is false?

They are monomers used to build proteins

Structural proteins

are found in hair and tendons

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem

Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is false?

Hydrocarbons are inorganic compounds

Which of the following characteristics of protein will remain intact if the protein is denatured?

the number of amino acids in the protein

Protein cannot be denatured by

freezing

The primary structure of a protein is

the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain

The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to

the overall three dimensional structure

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent __ and __ are to protein

structure; function

How are genes used by cells to build proteins?

the gene is DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is used to build a protein

Which of the following statements regarding nucleotides is false?

nucleotides contains lipids

Propanol and isopropanol are ionomers. This means that they have

the same molecular formula but different chemical properties

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

contains thymine in place of uracil

a hydroxyl group is

characteristic of alcohols

What complimentary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?

AGCTACC

Which of the following is a carboxyl group?

\-COOH

Which of the following is an amino group?

\-NH2

These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?

the location of the double bonded oxygen atom

How are these two amino acids attached together

amino acid to carboxylic group

Below are the structures of three fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature

one palmitic acid, one stearic acid, and one oleic acid

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

a carboxyl group