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Alliteration
repetition of the same sounds/letters, usually consonants, in a string of words
Assonance
repetition of similar/identical vowel sounds in neighboring words
ballad
narrative poetry which represents a single dramatic episode, often tragic/violent
blank verse
unrhymed iambic pentameter (NOT free verse)
cacophony
harsh, dissonant sounds, usually clipped, explosive delivery, plosive consonants (like most swear words!)
cadence
rising and falling rhythm of speech, rise and fall of pitch at the end of a phrase
caesura
a pause in a line of verse, often coincides with end of sentence
conceit
elaborate metaphor, usually making unusual comparisons (If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head”
connotation
what a word suggests. think, “house” vs “home”
consonance
repetition of similar consonant sounds in words with difference vowel sounds. “hot foot”
couplet
two consecutive lines of poetry that have the same rhyme and meter
dactyl
metrical foot. one accented syllable followed by 2 unaccented. (“ACCennntedddd”)
dirge
funeral lamentation
dissonance
harshness of sound/rhyme
dramatic monologue
fictional character speaks to a silent audience of one or more people.
elegy
elaborate, formal lyric poem lamenting a death of a friend or a public figure
end-stopped line
when the end of a line coincides with he end of a sentence
enjambment
exactly the opposite of an end-stopped line - grammatical structure runs over the end of a line
epic
long, narrative poem about a hero
euphony
pleasant smoothness of sound.
extended metaphor
metaphor sustained for many lines/the whole poem
foot
basic unit of poetic meter
free verse
poetry that resembles normal speech.
heroic couplet
two end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, with the thought usually completed in the two line unit.''Intrench'd before the town both armies lie, While Night with sable wings involves the sky.”
hexameter
a line containing 6 feet
iamb
foot with an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one. eg, “indeed” is pronounced “in-DEED”
image
language referring to the senses/perception
imagery
making pictures with words
in medias res
latin: “in the middle of things”, starting a narrative in the middle of action, just like the movie deadpool
lyric
unusually short poem expressing the poet’s emotions/thoughts. eg robert frost’s “fire and ice”
measure
an older word for meter
meter
the pattern of sound units(feet) which is more or less regular throughout the poem
octave
a stanza of eight line
ode
elaborate, formal lyric poem, usually a lengthy address to a person/entity. go read keats’ “ode to a nightingale”. best poem there is
pastoral
poetry concerning shepherds and country life
pentameter
5 feet in a line
persona
fictional “I” assumed by the writer
prosody
study of sound and rhythm in poetry (most boring job in existence)
quatrain
stanza of 4 lines
refrain
line/group of lines/phrase repeated at intervals throughout the poem. famous example from edgar allan poe, "Quoth the Raven, Nevermore"
rhyme
similarity of sound between two words.
masculine: one syllable
feminine: two syllable
slant: approximate rhyme
eye: spelling based. “though/through”
rhythm
patterned flow of sound in poetry
scansion
analyzing the meter in lines of poetry by counting and marking accented and unaccented syllables and dividing lines into feet (latin kids know)
sestet
six line poem/stanza
sonnet
14 line poem in iambic pentameter
stanza
a “paragraph” of a poem
stress
emphasis on a word/syllable
trochee
the opposite of an iamb. accented then unaccented. eg “garden” is pronounced “GAR-den” not “gar-DEN”
verse
poetry, but the word usually indicates more rigorous rhythm + meter
villanelle
5 stanzas of 3 lines, and a final stanza of 4 lines
volta
turn in the mood of a sonnet, usually between the octave and the sestet of the sonnet. (octave = 8 line stanza, sestet = 6 line stanza)