AP HUG - Unit 3 Vocabulary

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Long-Lot Settlement Pattern

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64 Terms

1

Long-Lot Settlement Pattern

A linear settlement pattern in which each farmstead is situated at one end of a long, narrow rectangular lot; each lot has access to a major linear resource, usually a river or a major road.

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2

Material Culture

The physical, visible objects made and used by members of a cultural group including buildings, furniture, clothing, food, artwork, and musical instruments.

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3

Nonmaterial Culture

Intangible elements of culture including a wide range of beliefs, values, myths, and symbolic meanings passed from generation to generation.

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4

Cultural Trait

A single aspect of a given culture or society.

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5

Local Culture

Rural, ethnically homogenous culture that is deeply connected to the local land; the opposite of a popular culture.

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6

Indigenous Culture

A local culture that is no longer the dominant ethnic group within its traditional homeland due to migration, colonization, or political marginalization.

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7

Popular Culture

Heterogeneous cultures that are more influenced by key urban areas and quick to adopt new technologies; the opposite of a local culture.

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8

Cultural Attitude

Concepts and ideas in a society shaped by cultural opinions, beliefs, and perspectives.

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9

Language

A mutually agreed-upon system of symbolic communication.

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10

Polyglot

A person who is fluent in more than two languages.

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11

Religion

A structured set of beliefs and practices through which people seek mental and physical harmony with the powers of the universe.

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12

Ethnic Group

A people of common ancestry and cultural tradition; characterized by a strong feeling of group identity.

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13

Race

Historically defined by the physical characteristics of a group, especially skin color.

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14

Ethnic Geography

The study of the spatial aspects of ethnicity.

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15

Multiculturalism

Policies that promote the active participation and inclusion of minority groups in national histories, politics, and cultural institutions.

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16

Ethnocentric Approach

An approach to understanding other cultures that evaluates them from the perspective of the observer’s culture.

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17

Cultural Relativism

An approach to understanding other cultures that seeks to understand individuals and culture from a wider perspective.

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18

Cultural Landscapes

The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.

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19

Physical Landscape

All the natural physical surroundings that create and shape the places we are living in or examining.

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20

Placelessness

The feeling resulting from the standardization of the built environment, where local distinctiveness is erased.

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21

Modernist Architecture

A functional, rational, and orderly style for building designs.

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22

Postmodern Architecture

A design style that reacts against modernist architecture, creating a spectacle while serving various functions.

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23

Sequent Occupance

The fact that many places have been controlled or affected by a variety of groups over time, leaving behind layers of meaning.

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24

Sacred Spaces

Natural or human-made sites that possess religious meaning and are recognized as worthy of devotion.

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25

Secular

Less influenced or controlled by religion.

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26

Subculture

A group of people with distinct norms, values, and material practices that differentiate them from the dominant culture.

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27

Sense of Place

The distinctive feeling of a place, or a person’s perception of place.

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28

Placemaking

Efforts to use and design public places to better serve the needs of residents and foster community.

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29

Centripetal Forces

A force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country.

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30

Centrifugal Forces

A force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society, or country.

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31

Secularization

The process whereby religion becomes a less dominant force in everyday life.

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32

Absorbing Barriers

Barriers that completely halt diffusion.

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33

Permeable Barriers

Barriers that slow diffusion but still allow some partial or weakened diffusion.

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34

Pidgin

A trade language characterized by a small vocabulary derived from the languages of two or more groups in contact.

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35

Creole

A combined language that has a fuller vocabulary than a pidgin language and becomes a native language.

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36

Creolization

The linguistic process where languages converge and create new languages and forms of communication.

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37

Lingua Franca

A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue.

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38

Bilingualism

The ability to speak two languages fluently.

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39

Empire

A sovereign political entity that seeks to expand beyond their origin land to control more territory.

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40

Imperialism

The motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory.

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41

Colonialism

The act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony.

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42

Genocide

The systematic killing of members of a racial, ethnic, or linguistic group.

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43

Time-Space Convergence

The phenomenon whereby new transportation technologies progressively reduce the time it takes to travel between places.

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44

Endangered Language

A language that is not taught to children by their parents and is not used actively in everyday matters.

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45

Extinct Language

A language that has only a few elderly speakers left or no living speakers.

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46

Convergence Hypothesis

The idea that cultures are converging, or becoming more alike.

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47

Glocalization

Adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices and preferences.

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48

Culture Hearth

A focused geographic area where important innovations are born and spread.

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49

Language Family

A group of related languages that share a common ancestry.

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50

Dialect

A regional variation of a language that is understood by speakers of other variations.

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51

Accent

A way of pronouncing words.

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52

Monotheistic

Relating to the belief in only one god.

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53

Universalizing Religion

A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance.

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54

Ethnic Religion

A religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts.

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55

Proselytic

Describing a religion that spreads its message to others through missionary work.

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56

Toponyms

The names given to places.

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57

Generic Toponym

The generic part of a place-name, often a suffix or prefix.

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58

Polytheistic

Relating to the belief in many gods.

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59

Animistic Religion

A faith that subscribes to the idea that souls or spirits exist in various entities of the natural environment.

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60

Acculturation

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough of the ways of the host society to function economically and socially.

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61

Assimilation

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many culturally distinctive traits.

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62

Transculturation

The notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture.

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63

Syncretism

The blending of beliefs, ideas, practices, and traits, especially in a religious context.

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64

Syncretic Religion

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