6 Cell Respiration notes 2

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between two species, with one being oxidized and the other reduced.

Cellular Respiration

The metabolic process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that acts as an electron acceptor in various metabolic reactions.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

A type of ATP synthesis that occurs when a phosphate group is directly transferred from a substrate molecule to ADP.

Electron Transport Chain

A series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from donors to acceptors via redox reactions.

Chemiosmosis

The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, which is used to generate ATP.

Glycolysis

The process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

Krebs Cycle

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen, regenerating NAD+.