Unit 3 Test: Mobilization for War

What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?

To convince Americans to support the war and increase patriotism following the shift from neutrality.

Who founded the Committee on Public Information?

George Creel

How did the CPI minimize opposition to the war?

By carefully editing information and only sharing positive news about the war.

What methods did the CPI use to promote the war?

News articles, posters, films, school campaigns, and speeches by the 'Four Minute Men'.

What role did war bonds play during WWI?

They were loans to the government that helped fund troops fighting in Europe.

What were 'Four Minute Men'?

Speakers who delivered short speeches on various war-related topics to promote public support.

How did the war effort impact immigrants in the US?

The government encouraged 'Americanization' campaigns to promote loyalty and assimilation into American customs.

What was the Selective Service Act?

A law that required men starting at age 18 to register for the military draft during wartime.

What age range did the Selective Service Act typically draft?

Men aged 21 to 30, with some exceptions for older ages.

How many men volunteered or were drafted during WWI?

About 2 million volunteered and 2.8 million were drafted.

What was the significance of the Selective Service Act for the US military?

It transformed a small, weak army into a larger, more prepared force for war.

What was one of the main goals of the CPI regarding public morale?

To manage news and publicize America's position in the war through propaganda.

What was a major tactic used by the CPI to encourage public participation?

Encouraging Americans to buy war bonds and conserve food.

What was the impact of propaganda on American civilians during WWI?

It fostered a sense of unity and patriotism among the population.

What was the government's concern regarding immigrants during WWI?

Concerns about their loyalty due to many being from countries involved in the conflict.

What was the role of mass media in the CPI's efforts?

To promote the war and shape public opinion through various forms of communication.

How did the CPI contribute to the war mobilization effort?

By using propaganda to encourage enlistment, resource gathering, and public support.

What was the overall impact of the CPI on American society during the war?

It helped to unify the nation and increase support for the war effort.

What loophole did Josephus Daniels find to recruit both genders during the war?

He recruited women into the navy and men into other military branches.

How did the Espionage and Sedition Acts impact civil liberties during World War I?

They restricted free speech and punished disloyalty, limiting criticism of the government and military.

What was the purpose of the War Industries Board (WIB) during World War I?

To control prices and direct factories to produce war supplies instead of consumer goods.

What slogan did the Food Administration use to promote food conservation?

'Food will win the War.'

What was one significant role of the Fuel Administration during World War I?

To oversee the production and distribution of coal and oil for the war effort.

What was the impact of the WIB on the home front?

Civilians sacrificed consumer goods for military supplies, leading to new factory jobs and empowering women.

What was the purpose of voluntary rationing encouraged by the Fuel Administration?

To promote energy conservation and a sense of shared sacrifice among Americans.

How did women's roles change during World War I?

Women gained more job opportunities in factories and viewed this as a chance to improve their societal standing.

What restrictions were placed on German-Americans during World War I?

They were required to register as alien enemies and faced numerous regulations, including language bans and travel restrictions.

How did the war affect African American migration during World War I?

Labor shortages in the North led millions of African Americans to move there for job opportunities.

What actions were taken against the German language during World War I?

The German language was prohibited in schools and public areas, and German textbooks were burned.

What was the significance of the Daylight Saving Time change during World War I?

It was adopted to conserve energy during wartime, not primarily to benefit farmers.

What were 'knitting bees' organized by women during the war?

Social events where women gathered to knit items for soldiers to keep warm.

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois and what did he advocate for during the war?

He advocated for democracy and fair treatment for African Americans.

What was the primary goal of the Food Administration during World War I?

To conserve food supplies for soldiers and ensure they were adequately fed.

What was the impact of the Sedition Act on public discourse during the war?

It criminalized criticism of the government and military, limiting free speech.

What was the role of the War Industries Board in determining war supplies?

It determined the types and quantities of weapons and supplies needed for the war.

How did the war create job opportunities for women?

With men fighting in the war, women filled roles in factories and other industries.

What was the consequence of the labor shortages in the North for African Americans?

Many migrated to the North for job opportunities, despite facing discrimination.

What was the purpose of the Espionage Act?

To prohibit actions that interfered with military operations during the war.